This issue of Science contains announcements for more than 100 different Gordon Research Conferences, on topics that range from atomic physics to developmental biology. The brainchild(某人的主意)of Neil Gordon of Johns Hopkins University, these week-long meetings are designed to promote intimate, informal discussions of frontier science. Often confined to fewer than 125 attendees, they have traditionally been held in remote places with minimal distractions. Beginning in the early 1960s, I attended the summer Nucleic Acids Gordon Conference in rural New Hampshire, sharing austere (简朴的)dorm facilities in a private boy’s school with randomly assigned roommates. As a beginning scientist, I found the question period after each talk especially fascinating, providing valuable insights into the personalities and ways of thinking of many senior scientists whom I had not encountered previously. Back then, there were no cell-phones and no Internet, and all of the speakers seemed to stay for the entire week. During the long, session-free afternoons, graduate students mingled freely with professors. Many lifelong friendships were begun, and—as Gordon intended—new scientific collaborations began. Leap forward to today, and every scientist can gain immediate access to a vast store of scientific thought and to millions of other scientists via the Internet. Why, nevertheless, do in-person scientific meetings remain so valuable for a life in science?
Part of the answer is that science works best when there is a deep mutual trust and understanding between the collaborators, which is hard to develop from a distance. But most important is the critical role that face-to-face scientific meetings play in stimulating a random collision of ideas and approaches. The best science occurs when someone combines the knowledge gained by other scientists in non-obvious ways to create a new understanding of how the world works. A successful scientist needs to deeply believe, whatever the problem being tackled, that there is always a better way to approach that problem than the path currently being taken. The scientist is then constantly on the alert for new paths to take in his or her work, which is essential for making breakthroughs. Thus, as much as possible, scientific meetings should be designed to expose the attendees to ways of thinking and techniques that are different from the ones that they already know.
1.Assembled at Gordon Research Conference are those who( ).
2.Speaking of the summer Nucleic Acids Gordon Conference, the author thinks highly of ( ).
3.It can be inferred from the author that the value of the in-person scientific conference ( ).
4.The author believes that the face-to-face scientific conferences can help the attendees better ( ).
5.What would the author most probably talk about in the following paragraphs?
问题1选项
A.are physicists and biologists
B.just start doing their sciences
C.stay in the forefront of science
D.are accomplished senior scientists
问题2选项
A.the personalities of senior scientists
B.the question period after each talk
C.the austere facilities around
D.the week-long duration
问题3选项
A.does not change with times
B.can be explored online exclusively
C.lies in exchanging the advances in life science
D.is questioned in establishing a vast store of ideas
问题4选项
A.understand what making a breakthrough means to them
B.expose themselves to novel ideas and new approaches
C.foster the passion for doing science
D.tackle the same problem in science
问题5选项
A.How to explore scientific collaborations.
B.How to make scientific breakthroughs.
C.How to design scientific meetings.
D.How to think like a genius.
第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:A
第4题:B
第5题:C
第1题:
【选项释义】
Assembled at Gordon Research Conference are those who( ). 聚集在戈登研究会议上的是那些____。
A. are physicists and biologists A. 物理学家和生物学家
B. just start doing their sciences B. 刚刚开始从事科学研究的人
C. stay in the forefront of science C. 站在科学的前沿的人
D. are accomplished senior scientists D. 都是有成就的资深科学家
【答案】C
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段第二句“这些为期一周的会议是约翰•霍普金斯大学的Neil Gordon的主意,旨在促进前沿科学非正式的密切讨论。”由此可推断,与会人员是前沿科学的人员。选项C符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“物理学家和生物学家”,文中第一段第一句说到“主题范围从原子物理学到发育生物学”,并没有说参会成员仅仅是物理学家和生物学家,属于以偏概全;
B选项“刚刚开始从事科学研究的人”,文中第一段中提到“这让我对许多我以前没有遇到过的资深科学家的性格和思维方式有了宝贵的了解。”也就是说也有资深科学家参与,并不只是刚刚开始从事科学研究的人,属于过度推断;
D选项“都是有成就的资深科学家”,文中第一段提到“作为一名刚开始的科学家,我发现每次演讲后的提问环节特别吸引人”,也就是说刚刚开始的科学家也有参与,该选项属于过度推断。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Speaking of the summer Nucleic Acids Gordon Conference, the author thinks highly of( ). 谈到夏季的核酸戈登会议,作者对____评价很高。
A. the personalities of senior scientists A. 资深科学家的个性
B. the question period after each talk B. 每次演讲后的提问时间
C. the austere facilities around C. 周围简朴的设施
D. the week-long duration D. 长达一周的时间
【答案】B
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息定位到第一段第五句“作为一名初出茅庐的科学家,我发现每次讨论会后的提问环节特别吸引人……”,因此B选项“每次演讲后的提问时间”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“资深科学家的个性”,文中第一段提到“这让我对许多我以前没有遇到过的资深科学家的性格和思维方式有了宝贵的了解。”只是说对他们的性格有了解并不是对他们的个性评价很高,该选项属于偷换概念;
C选项“周围简朴的设施”,文中提到“共享的(简朴的)宿舍设施”但是并没有说评价很高,属于无中生有;
D选项“长达一周的时间”,没有对为期一周的会议评价很高,属于无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
It can be inferred from the author that the value of the in-person scientific conference( ). 从作者的观点可以推断,亲临科学会议的价值____。
A. does not change with times A. 不随时代而改变
B. can be explored online exclusively B. 可以在线独家探索
C. lies in exchanging the advances in life science C. 在于交流生命科学的进展
D. is questioned in establishing a vast store of ideas D. 在建立一个庞大的思想库时受到质疑
【答案】A
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段最后两句“到今天,每一位科学家都可以通过互联网立即获得大量的科学思想和与数以百万计的其他科学家取得联系。然而,为什么面对面的科学会议对科学界仍然如此有价值呢?”由此可推断,面对面的科学会议并没有随着时间而改变。”A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“可以在线独家探索”,文中提到“每个科学家都可以通过互联网直接接触到大量的科学思想”,但是这是从网上进行探索,而题目说的是亲临会议,该选项属于张冠李戴;
C选项“在于交流生命科学的进展”,文中没有提及,属于无中生有;
D选项“在建立一个庞大的思想库时受到质疑”,文中没有提及,属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
The author believes that the face-to-face scientific conferences can help the attendees better( ). 作者认为面对面的科学会议可以帮助与会者更好的____。
A. understand what making a breakthrough means to them A. 理解突破对他们来说意味着什么
B. expose themselves to novel ideas and new approaches B. 让自己接触新奇的想法和方法
C. foster the passion for doing science C. 培养对科学的热情
D. tackle the same problem in science D. 在科学上解决同样的问题
【答案】B
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段最后一句“因此,科学会议应该尽可能让与会者了解不同于他们已知的思维方式和技术。”选项B符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“理解突破对他们来说意味着什么家是一个……”,文中提到“科学家就会不断地注意在他或她的工作中寻找新的途径,这对取得突破至关重要”,只能说这个会议利于取得突破,而不是理解突破意味着什么,属于无中生有;
C选项“培养对科学的热情”,文中没有提到,属于无中生有;
D选项“在科学上解决同样的问题”,文中说到“一个成功的科学家需要坚信,无论要解决的问题是什么,总有比目前所走的道路更好的方法来解决这个问题”,指的是有更好的办法解决问题而不是解决同样的问题,属于无中生有。
第5题:
【选项释义】
What would the author most probably talk about in the following paragraphs? 在接下来的段落中,作者最有可能谈论什么?
A. How to explore scientific collaborations. A. 如何探索科学合作。
B. How to make scientific breakthroughs. B. 如何取得科学突破。
C. How to design scientific meetings. C. 如何设计科学会议。
D. How to think like a genius. D. 如何像天才一样思考。
【答案】C
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】结合全文内容可知,本文主要讨论的是面对面的科学会议,接下来的内容应该依然和科学会议相关,所以选项C正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“如何探索科学合作。”,文中没有提到科学合作,属于无中生有;
B选项“如何取得科学突破。”,文中说科学会议对取得突破至关重要,因此下文肯定与科学会议有关,与怎样取得突破无关,该选项属于无中生有;
D选项“如何像天才一样思考。”,全文没有提到天才如何思考,该选项属于无中生有。
【参考译文】
本期《科学》杂志刊登了100多场戈登研究会议的通知,主题从原子物理学到发育生物学不一而足。这些为期一周的会议是约翰霍普金斯大学的尼尔·戈登的主意,旨在促进对前沿科学进行深入和非正式的讨论。与会者通常不超过125人,会议地点传统上选在远离喧嚣、干扰最小的地方。从20世纪60年代初开始,我参加了在新罕布什尔州乡村举行的夏季核酸戈登会议,与随机分配的室友共同住在一所私立男校简朴的宿舍里。作为一名初出茅庐的科学家,我发现每次讲座后的提问环节都特别吸引人,为我提供了宝贵的机会去了解许多以前从未接触过的资深科学家的个性和思维方式。那时还没有手机和互联网,所有的演讲者似乎都会待上整整一周。在漫长而没有会议的下午,研究生们与教授们自由地交流。许多终生的友谊就此开始,正如戈登所希望的那样,新的科研合作也由此展开。时至今日,每一位科学家都可以通过互联网立即访问大量科学思想库,并与数百万其他科学家进行交流。然而,为什么面对面的科学会议对科学生活仍然如此有价值?
部分原因在于,当合作者之间存在深刻的相互信任和理解时,科学才能发挥最大的作用,而这种信任和理解很难通过远距离建立。但最重要的是,面对面的科学会议在激发思想和方法的随机碰撞方面发挥着至关重要的作用。当一个人以非显而易见的方式结合其他科学家的知识,从而对世界如何运作产生新的理解时,就是最好的科学。一个成功的科学家需要深深地相信,无论解决的是什么问题,总有比目前所走的道路更好的方法。这样,科学家在工作中就会时刻警惕寻找新的途径,这对取得突破至关重要。因此,科学会议应尽可能让与会者接触到不同于他们已经掌握的思维方式和技术。