Parents are on a journey of discovery with each child whose temperament, biology, and sleep habits result in a unique sleep-wake pattern. It can be frustrating when children’s sleep habits do not conform to the household schedule. Helping the child develop good sleep habits in childhood takes time and parental attention, but it will have beneficial results throughout life. An understanding of the changing patterns of the typical sleep-wake cycle in children will help alleviate any unfounded concerns. Maintaining a sleep diary for each child will provide the parents with baseline information in assessing the nature and severity of childhood sleep problems. Observant parents will come to recognize unusual sleep disruptions or those that persist or intensify.
Developmental changes throughout childhood bring differences in the sleep-wake cycle and in the type and frequency of parasomnias that may interrupt sleep. Medical consultation to rule out illness, infection of injury is prudent if the child’s sleep problems prevent adequate sleep and result in an ongoing sleep deficit. As reported by News-Medical in Child Health News, children’s sleep problems should be taken seriously as they may be a “marker” for predicting later risk of early adolescent substance use. In the same article. University of Michigan psychiatry professor Kirk Brower, who has studied “the interplay of alcohol and sleep in adults” stressed that “The finding does not mean there’s a cause-and-effect relationship.”
Consultation with a child psychologist may be helpful if frightening dreams intensify and become more frequent as this may indicate a particular problem or life circumstance that needs to be changed or one that the child may need extra help working through.
Most childhood sleep disturbance will diminish over time as the brain matures and a regular sleep-wake cycle is established. Parental guidance is crucial to development of healthy sleep habits in children.
1.To have a journey of discovery with each child, according to the passage, is ( ).
2. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that parents( ) .
3.Where there exists a “marker” in the child, according to the passage( ) .
4.What is the author trying to tell us in the third paragraph?
5.What is the main idea of the passage?
问题1选项
A.to discover their unique sleep-wake cycles
B.to follow their behavioral preferences
C.to alleviate their sleeping problems
D.to explore their asset
问题2选项
A.seek professional consultation for their child’s sleep problem
B.adjust their household schedule to the child’s sleeping habit
C.take their child’s unfounded concerns into consideration
D.keep a diary on sleep pattern for their child
问题3选项
A.it might lead to his or her early substance use
B.he or she will carry it all his or her life
C.it might interrupt his or her sleep pattern
D.he or she is destined to be an alcoholic
问题4选项
A.It takes time to combat sleeping problem in children.
B.Sometimes parents need to seek professional assistance.
C.Parents cannot afford to neglect their child’s sleeping problem.
D.Much importance should be attached to the child’s life circumstance.
问题5选项
A.Child sleep disturbance and its future impact.
B.Child sleep disturbance and its family history.
C.Parent’s role in building their child’s healthy sleeping habit.
D.A psychological perspective on sleep disturbance in children.
第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:B
第5题:C
第1题:
【选项释义】
To have a journey of discovery with each child, according to the passage, is( ). 根据文章,让每个孩子都有一段探索之旅是____。
A. to discover their unique sleep-wake cycles A. 要发现他们独特的睡眠-觉醒周期
B. to follow their behavioral preferences B. 遵循他们的行为偏好
C. to alleviate their sleeping problems C. 为了缓解他们的睡眠问题
D. to explore their asset D. 探索他们的资产
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段第一句“每个孩子的性格、生理和睡眠习惯都导致了一个独特的睡眠-觉醒模式,家长们都在探索这一过程中。”也就是说父母探索的就是每个孩子独特的睡眠-觉醒模式,因此选A。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“遵循他们的行为偏好”,文中没有提及,属于无中生有;
C选项“为了缓解他们的睡眠问题”,文中第一段提到“了解儿童典型睡眠-觉醒周期的变化模式将有助于缓解任何没有根据的担忧。”指的是了解睡眠-觉醒周期的变化有利于缓解睡眠问题,该选项属于偷换概念;
D选项“探索他们的资产”,文中没有提及,该选项属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
In the first paragraph, the author suggests that parents( ). 在第一段中,作者建议家长____。
A. seek professional consultation for their child’s sleep problem A. 对于孩子的睡眠问题寻求专业咨询
B. adjust their household schedule to the child’s sleeping habit B. 根据孩子的睡眠习惯调整他们的家庭时间表
C. take their child’s unfounded concerns into consideration C. 考虑孩子毫无根据的担忧
D. keep a diary on sleep pattern for their child D. 记录孩子的睡眠模式
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据出处提示词Paragraph 1与题干信息可定位到第一段倒数第二句“记录每个孩子的睡眠情况,将为父母提供评估儿童睡眠问题的性质和严重性的基本信息。”因此D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“对于孩子的睡眠问题寻求专业咨询”,第一段没有提及,该选项属于无中生有;
B选项“根据孩子的睡眠习惯调整他们的家庭时间表”,第一段提到“当孩子的睡眠习惯与家庭时间表不一致时,会令人沮丧。”但是并没有说要调整家庭时间表。该选项属于过度推断;
C选项“考虑孩子毫无根据的担忧”,第一段提到“了解儿童典型睡眠-觉醒周期的变化模式将有助于缓解任何没有根据的担忧。”,这里指的是父母的担忧而不是孩子的,该选项属于张冠李戴。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Where there exists a “marker” in the child, according to the passage( ). 在孩子身上存在“标记”的地方,根据文章____。
A. it might lead to his or her early substance use A. 它可能会导致他或她早期使用药物
B. he or she will carry it all his or her life B. 他或她将一生都带着它
C. it might interrupt his or her sleep pattern C. 它可能会打断他或她的睡眠模式
D. he or she is destined to be an alcoholic D. 他或她注定要成为一个酒鬼
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段第三句“儿童的睡眠问题应该被认真对待,因为它们可能是预测青少年早期药物使用风险的‘标志’。”也就是说这个标志会预测青少年早期使用药物,对比选项A“它可能会导致他或她早期使用药物”正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“他或她将一生都带着它”,文中没有提及,该选项属于无中生有;
C选项“它可能会打断他或她的睡眠模式”,文中没有提及,该选项属于无中生有;
D选项“他或她注定要成为一个酒鬼”,第二段最后一句“Kirk Brower研究了成年人饮酒和睡眠的相互作用,他强调说:这一发现并不意味着有因果关系。”,说明饮酒和睡眠不一定有因果关系,该选项属于过度推断。
第4题:
【选项释义】
What is the author trying to tell us in the third paragraph? 作者在第三段想告诉我们什么?
A. It takes time to combat sleeping problem in children. A. 解决儿童睡眠问题需要时间。
B. Sometimes parents need to seek professional assistance. B. 有时候父母需要寻求专业的帮助。
C. Parents cannot afford to neglect their child’s sleeping problem. C. 父母不能忽视孩子的睡眠问题。
D. Much importance should be attached to the child’s life circumstance. D. 应该重视孩子的生活环境。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据出处提示词Paragraph 3与题干信息可定位到第三段该处讲到“咨询儿童心理学家可能是有帮助的”以及“孩子可能需要额外的帮助来度过。”因此表明如果孩子有睡眠障碍,可以寻求专家的帮助。因此选B。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“解决儿童睡眠问题需要时间。”,第三段没有体现,属于无中生有;
C选项“父母不能忽视孩子的睡眠问题。”,虽然文章主要讲父母在孩子睡眠问题的作用,但第三段主要讲寻求专业帮助,该选项属于本末倒置;
D选项“应该重视孩子的生活环境。”第三段没有体现,该选项属于无中生有。
第5题:
【选项释义】
What is the main idea of the passage? 这篇文章的主旨是什么?
A. Child sleep disturbance and its future impact. A. 儿童睡眠障碍及其未来影响。
B. Child sleep disturbance and its family history. B. 儿童睡眠障碍及其家族史。
C. Parents’ role in building their child’s healthy sleeping habit. C. 父母在培养孩子健康睡眠习惯中的作用。
D. A psychological perspective on sleep disturbance in children. D. 儿童睡眠障碍的心理学视角。
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】文章第一段提出文章的中心观点“帮助孩子在童年时期养成良好的睡眠习惯需要时间和父母的关注,但它将在一生中产生有益的效果。”;第二段指出“儿童的睡眠问题应该被认真对待”;第三段说到“咨询儿童心理学家”,父母可以通过额外的帮助来改善孩子的睡眠;最后一段又总结文章主旨“父母的指导对儿童健康睡眠习惯的养成至关重要。”综合全篇文章,C选项“父母在培养孩子健康睡眠习惯中的作用。”是文章的主旨,选C。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“儿童睡眠障碍及其未来影响。”,只说明儿童的睡眠障碍没有体现父母的作用,该选项属于以偏概全;
B选项“儿童睡眠障碍及其家族史。”文章没有提及家族史,该选项属于无中生有;
D选项“儿童睡眠障碍的心理学视角。”,文章没有从心理学视角进行分析,该选项属于无中生有。
【参考译文】
每个孩子的性情、生理特点和睡眠习惯都会形成独特的睡眠—觉醒模式,父母在与每个孩子的相处过程中都会经历一段探索之旅。如果孩子的睡眠习惯不符合家庭作息时间,就会令人沮丧。帮助孩子在童年时期养成良好的睡眠习惯需要时间和父母的关注,但这将对孩子的一生都有益。了解儿童典型睡眠—觉醒周期的变化模式有助于减轻任何没有根据的担忧。为每个孩子记录睡眠日记,可以为父母评估儿童睡眠问题的性质和严重程度提供基准信息。细心的家长会逐渐识别出异常的睡眠中断现象,或那些持续存在或加剧的睡眠问题。
儿童时期的发育变化会带来睡眠—觉醒周期的不同,以及可能干扰睡眠的异态睡眠的类型和频率的不同。如果孩子的睡眠问题妨碍了充足的睡眠并导致持续的睡眠不足,则应谨慎就医,以排除疾病、感染或受伤的可能。正如《儿童健康新闻》中的《医学新闻》所报道的那样,儿童的睡眠问题应引起重视,因为它们可能是预测青少年早期药物使用风险的“标志”。在同一篇文章中,密歇根大学精神病学教授柯克·布劳尔研究了“成年人酒精与睡眠的相互作用”,他强调说:“这一发现并不意味着存在因果关系。”
如果孩子的噩梦加剧并变得更加频繁,向儿童心理学家咨询可能会有所帮助,因为这可能预示着需要改变的特定问题或生活环境,或者孩子可能需要额外的帮助来解决。
随着时间的推移,大多数儿童睡眠障碍都会随着大脑的成熟和有规律的睡眠—觉醒周期的建立而逐渐减轻。家长的指导对于培养孩子健康的睡眠习惯至关重要。