Adolf Hitler survived an assassination attempt in 1944 with the help of penicillin made by the Allies, a microbiologist in the UK claims. If the Nazi leader had died from bacterial infection of his many wounds, the Second World War might have been over a year earlier, saving millions of lives, says Milton Wainwright of the University of Sheffield, a noted historian of microbiology.
In a paper to be published soon in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Wainwright reveals firsthand evidence that Hitler was treated with penicillin by his personal doctor, Theo Morrell, following an assassination attempt in which a bomb in a suitcase exploded next to Hitler's desk. Hitler was badly hurt, fleeing the scene with his hair and trousers on fire, a badly bleeding arm and countless wooden splinter wounds from the oak table that probably saved his life.
Wainwright found confirmation that Morrell gave Hitler antibiotics as a precaution in a recent translation of Morrell’s own diary. “I happened to be reading it for interest when the word penicillin jumped out at me,” he says. He then set about trying to establish where Morrell might have got the drug.
At the time, penicillin was available only to the Allies. German and Czechoslovakian teams had tried without much success to make it, Wainwright says, but the small quantities that were available were weak and impure. “It’s generally accepted that it was no good,” says Wainwright.
He reasons that Morrell would only have risked giving Hitler penicillin to prevent infections if he were confident that the antibiotic would cure, not kill the German premier. “My research shows that Morrell, in a very dodgy （危险的）position as Hitler's doctor, would only have used pure stuff.” And the only reliable penicillin was that made by the Allies. So where did Morrell get it?
Wainwright’s investigations revealed that Allied airmen carried penicillin, so the Germans may have confiscated some from prisoners of war. The other more likely source is from neutral countries such Spain, which received penicillin from Allied countries for humanitarian purposes, perhaps for treating sick children.
“I have proof the Allies were sending it to these countries,” says Wainwright. “I’m saying this would have got through in diplomatic bags, reaching Hitler’s doctor and the higher echelons （阶层）of the Nazi party. So this was almost certainly pure, Allied penicillin."
“We can never be certain it saved Hitler’s life, ” says Wainwright. But he notes that one of Hitler's henchmen（死党）, Reinhard Heydrich, died from blood poisoning after surviving a car-bomb assassination attempt. “Hair from his seat went into his wounds and gave him septicemia,n says Wainwright. Morrell may have been anxious to ensure that Hitler avoided the same fate.
1.According to Wainwright, Adolf Hitler （ ）.
2.Following his assassination in 1944, Adolf Hitler （ ）.
3.As Wainwright reasons, Hitler’s personal doctor （ ）.
4.Wainwright implies that the Third Reich （ ）.
5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
问题1选项
A.might have used biological weapons in the war
B.could not have committed suicide as confirmed
C.could have died of bacterial infection
D.might have survived a bacterial plague
问题2选项
A.began to exercise precautions against his personal attacks
B.was anxious to have penicillin developed in his country
C.received an injection of penicillin for blood poisoning
D.was suspected of being likely to get infected
问题3选项
A.cannot have dared to prescribe German-made penicillin to him
B.need not have used pure antibiotic for his suspect infection
C.would have had every reason to assassinate him
D.must have tried to produce penicillin
问题4选项
A.met the fate of collapse as expected
B.butchered millions of lives on the earth
C.was severely struck by bacterial plagues
D.did have channels to obtain pure penicillin
问题5选项
A.How Hitler Manage to Survive Assassination Attempts?
B.Morrell Loyal to His German Premier?
C.Hitler Saved by Allied Drugs?
D.Penicillin Abused in German?
第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:D
第5题:C
第1题:
【选项释义】
According to Wainwright, Adolf Hitler ____. 据温赖特介绍，阿道夫•希特勒____。
A. might have used biological weapons in the war A. 可能在战争中使用了生物武器
B. could not have committed suicide as confirmed B. 不可能像证实的那样自杀
C. could have died of bacterial infection C. 本可能死于细菌感染
D. might have survived a bacterial plague D. 本可能在细菌性瘟疫中幸存下来
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到文章第一段“如果这位纳粹领导人死于伤口的细菌感染，那么第二次世界大战可能就早一年多，挽救了数百万人的生命。”由此可推断，Wainwright认为希特勒本可能会死于细菌感染，选项C符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“可能在战争中使用了生物武器”，文章没有提及生物武器，该选项属于无中生有；
B选项“不可能像证实的那样自杀”，文中只是推测可能死于细菌感染，但是并没有说是不可能像证实的那样自杀，文中没有说证实自杀，该选项属于过度推断；
D选项“可能在细菌性瘟疫中幸存下来”，文章没有提及细菌性瘟疫，该选项属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Following his assassination in 1944, Adolf Hitler ____. 在1944年被暗杀后，阿道夫•希特勒____。
A. began to exercise precautions against his personal attacks A. 开始对他的人身攻击采取预防措施
B. was anxious to have penicillin developed in his country B. 急于在他的国家研发青霉素
C. received an injection of penicillin for blood poisoning C. 因血液中毒接受了青霉素注射
D. was suspected of being likely to get infected D. 被怀疑有可能被感染
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第五段“莫雷尔给希特勒服用抗生素是为了预防疾病。”由此可推断莫雷尔怀疑希特勒有可能被细菌感染，因此给他使用抗生素。选D。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“开始对他的人身攻击采取预防措施”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；
B选项“急于在他的国家研发青霉素”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；
C选项“因血液中毒接受了青霉素注射”，文中最后一段提到“他指出，希特勒的追随者之一，莱因哈德•海德里希，死于血液中毒后幸存的一个汽车炸弹暗杀。”可知血液中毒的另有其人，不是希特勒，并且这个人也没有接受青霉素注射，该选项属于张冠李戴。
第3题:
【选项释义】
As Wainwright reasons, Hitler’s personal doctor ____. 正如温赖特所说，希特勒的私人医生____。
A. cannot have dared to prescribe German-made penicillin to him A. 不敢给他开德国制造的青霉素
B. need not have used pure antibiotic for his suspect infection B. 不必用纯抗生素治疗疑似感染
C. would have had every reason to assassinate him C. 有充分的理由暗杀他
D. must have tried to produce penicillin D. 一定试过生产青霉素
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第五段“他认为，只有当莫雷尔确信青霉素能治愈希特勒而不是杀死他时，他才会冒险给希特勒注射青霉素以防止感染。莫雷尔，在一个非常危险的位置作为希特勒的医生，只会用纯的东西”以及第四段“德国和捷克斯洛伐克的团队曾尝试制造这种材料，但没有取得很大成功，但可用的数量很少，而且不纯。”可知德国的青霉素不纯，为了保证能够治愈希特勒可推断莫雷尔要用纯的东西，不敢给希特勒使用德国产的青霉素。因此选A。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“不必用纯抗生素治疗疑似感染”，由文章第五段可知“莫雷尔，在一个非常危险的位置作为希特勒的医生，只会用纯的东西”，可知要用纯抗生素，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；
C选项“有充分的理由暗杀他”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；
D选项“一定试过生产青霉素”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
Wainwright implies that the Third Reich ____. 温赖特暗示第三帝国（指希特勒统治下的德国）____。
A. met the fate of collapse as expected A. 不出所料地遭遇了崩溃的命运
B. butchered millions of lives on the earth B. 屠杀了地球上数百万的生命
C. was severely struck by bacterial plagues C. 受到了细菌瘟疫的严重打击
D. did have channels to obtain pure penicillin D. 确实有途径获得纯青霉素
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第六段“温赖特的调查显示，盟军飞行员携带青霉素，所以德国人可能从战俘那里没收了一些。另一个更有可能的来源是中立国家”，也就是说德国有渠道获得青霉素。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“不出所料地遭遇了崩溃的命运”，温赖特并没有暗示其崩溃的命运，该选项属于无中生有；
B选项“屠杀了地球上数百万的生命”，并不是温赖特暗示的内容，与原文无关，该选项属于无中生有；
C选项“受到了细菌瘟疫的严重打击”，文中没有提及细菌瘟疫，该选项属于无中生有。
第5题:
【选项释义】
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 下面哪个选项是这篇文章的最佳标题？
A. How Hitler Manage to Survive Assassination Attempts? A. 希特勒是如何躲过暗杀的？
B. Morrell Loyal to His German Premier? B. 莫雷尔忠于他的德国总理？
C. Hitler Saved by Allied Drugs? C. 盟军药物拯救了希特勒？
D. Penicillin Abused in German? D. 德国滥用青霉素？
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】文章第一段指出：纳粹领导人希特勒可能死于伤口的细菌感染；接下来文中提到温赖特怀疑希特勒的医生用青霉素治疗希特勒，而这些青霉素的来源可能是同盟国；最后一段说到：我们永远不能确定它救了希特勒的命。综合全文，文章怀疑是否青霉素治疗了希特勒，因此选C。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“希特勒是如何躲过暗杀的？”，文中没有提及如何躲过暗杀，只是说治疗希特勒，该选项属于无中生有；
B选项“莫雷尔忠于他的德国总理？”文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；
D选项“德国滥用青霉素？”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。
【参考译文】
英国一位微生物学家称，1944年，阿道夫·希特勒在盟军制造的青霉素灯的暗杀下幸免于难。谢菲尔德大学的米尔顿·温莱特是一位著名的微生物学历史学家，他说，如果这位纳粹领袖死于多处伤口的细菌感染，第二次世界大战可能会提前一年结束，从而挽救数百万人的生命。
在即将发表在《生物学与医学展望》上的一篇论文中，温莱特揭示了第一手证据，证明希特勒在一次未遂暗杀行动中，一个装在手提箱里的炸弹在希特勒的办公桌旁爆炸，随后希特勒的私人医生西奥·莫雷尔用青霉素治疗了希特勒。希特勒身受重伤，逃离现场时头发和裤子都着了火，手臂严重出血，橡木桌上还留下了无数木头碎片的伤痕，而这些碎片可能救了他一命。
温莱特在最近翻译的莫雷尔本人的日记中找到了莫雷尔给希特勒服用抗生素作为预防措施的证据。他说：“我在阅读这本日记时，偶然发现了青霉素这个词。”随后，他开始尝试确定莫雷尔可能是从哪里得到这种药物的。
当时，只有盟军才能获得青霉素。温莱特说，德国和捷克斯洛伐克的研究小组曾尝试制造青霉素，但没有取得什么成功，而且当时能得到的少量青霉素既微弱又不纯。温莱特说：“人们普遍认为这不是什么好东西。”
他认为，莫雷尔只有在确信青霉素能够治愈而不是杀死德国元首的情况下，才会冒险给希特勒注射青霉素来预防感染。“我的研究表明，作为希特勒的医生，莫雷尔处于一个非常危险的位置，他只会使用纯净的东西。而唯一可靠的青霉素是盟军生产的。那么，莫雷尔是从哪里得到的呢？”
温莱特的调查显示，盟军飞行员携带了青霉素，因此德国人可能从战俘身上没收了一些。另一个更有可能的来源是西班牙等中立国，这些国家出于人道主义目的从盟军国家获得了青霉素，或许是用于治疗生病的儿童。
温莱特说：“我有证据证明盟军向这些国家发送了青霉素。我的意思是，这些青霉素会通过外交包裹，到达希特勒的医生和纳粹党的高层手中。所以这几乎可以肯定是纯正的盟军青霉素。”
温莱特说：“我们永远无法确定它是否救了希特勒的命。但他指出，希特勒的一名心腹莱因哈特·海德里希在一次汽车炸弹暗杀行动中幸免于难，却死于血液中毒。他座位上的毛发进入了他的伤口，导致了败血症。”莫雷尔可能急于确保希特勒避免同样的命运。
