There is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula at universalities and colleges and programs in federal agencies extol (赞扬)the virtues of a broad education. For scientists who work in specialized jobs, it is a pleasure to escape in our spare tune to read broadly in fields distant from our own. Some of us have made interdisciplinary study in our occupation, which is no surprise, because much of the intellectual action in our society today lies at the interfaces between traditional disciplines. Environmental science is a good example, because it frequently requires us to be conversant in several different sciences and even some unscientific fields.
Experiencing this breadth of knowledge is stimulating, but so is delving deeply into a subject. Both are wonderful experiences that are complementary practical and aesthetic (美学的)ways. They are like viewing the marvelous sculpture of knowledge in two different ways. Look at the sculpture from one perspective and you see the piece in its entirety, how its components connect to give it form, balance, and symmetry. From another viewpoint you see its detail, depth, and mass. There is no need to choose between these two perspectives in art. To do so would subtract from the totality of the figure.
So it is with science. Sometimes we gaze through a subject and are reluctant to stop for too much detail. As chemists, we are fascinated by computer sciences or molecular genetics, but not enough to become an expert. Or we may be interested in an analytical technique but not enough to stay at its cutting edge. At other times, we become immersed in the detail of a subject and see its beauty in an entirely different way than when we browse. It is as if we penetrate the surface of the sculpture and pass through the crystal structure to the molecular level where the code for the entire structure is revealed.
Unfortunately, in our zeal for breadth or depth, we often feel that it is necessary to diminish the value of the other. Specialists are sometimes ridiculed with names such as "nerd” or "technocrats”, generalists are often criticized for being too “soft” or knowing too little about any one thing. Both are ludicrous (可笑的)accusations that deny a part of the reality of environmental science. Let us not be divided by our passion for depth or breadth. The beauty that awaits us on either route is too precious to stifle, too wonderful to diminish by bickering (争吵).
1.From a broad education to interdisciplinary study, we can see ( ).
2.The commentator would say that the totality of the sculpture of knowledge ( ).
3.Just because we become engrossed in the detail of a subject, according to the comment, does not mean that we ( ).
4.It is commentator ’ s contention that neither specialists nor generalists ( ).
5.Which of the following can be the best title for the comment?
问题1选项
A.the integration of theory with practice
B.the enthusiasm for breadth of knowledge
C.the rapid division of traditional disciplines
D.the confrontation between specialists and generalists
问题2选项
A.is mainly composed of two elements
B.presents two different points of view
C.cannot be perceived from one perspective
D.is a whole made up of complementary elements
问题3选项
A.can have an understanding of it
B.will develop into an expert
C.will perceive its entirety
D.are interested in it
问题4选项
A.have zeal for the totality of the knowledge sculpture
B.represent the depth and breadth of knowledge
C.are necessarily supposed to belittle the other
D.can be qualified as environmental scientists
问题5选项
A.Interdisciplinary Study as Our Occupation
B.Breath and Depth of Knowledge
C.The Ways of Doing Science
D.The Beauty of Science
第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:C
第4题:C
第5题:B
第1题:
【选项释义】
From a broad education to interdisciplinary study, we can see ____. 从广泛的教育到跨学科的研究,我们可以看到____。
A. the integration of theory with practice A. 理论与实践的结合
B. the enthusiasm for breadth of knowledge B. 对知识广度的热情
C. the rapid division of traditional disciplines C. 传统学科的快速划分
D. the confrontation between specialists and generalists D. 专家和通才的对抗
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段“目前,国外掀起了一股重视知识广度的新浪潮。大学和学院的课程以及联邦机构的项目都在赞扬广泛教育的优点。对于从事专门工作的科学家来说,从我们的闲适中解脱出来,去广泛阅读远离我们自己的领域,是一件乐事。”也就是说可以看到对知识的热情。选B。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“理论与实践的结合”,文中没有体现,该选项属于无中生有;
C选项“传统学科的快速划分”文中第一段提到“因为我们当今社会的许多智力活动都是在传统学科之间的接口上进行的”,但并没有说划分传统学科,该选项属于过度推断;
D选项“专家和通才的对抗”,文中没有体现,该选项属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
The commentator would say that the totality of the sculpture of knowledge( ). 评论员会说,知识雕塑的整体____。
A. is mainly composed of two elements A. 主要由两个要素构成
B. presents two different points of view B. 呈现了两种不同的观点
C. cannot be perceived from one perspective C. 不能从一个角度来感知
D. is a whole made up of complementary elements D. 由互补的元素组成的整体
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息the totality of the sculpture of knowledge可定位到第二段最后一句“To do so would subtract from the totality of the figure.”这里的to do so指的就是前面的choose between these two perspectives in art。在这段中,作者以观赏the marvelous sculpture of knowledge为例,想说明从一个角度看时,观看者只看到各个部分怎样结合组成雕塑的整体、平衡以及几何;换个角度看时,你会看到雕塑的细节部分,深度,以及质感。所以如果只从某个角度欣赏一个雕塑,就不会看到整个雕塑。选项C正是这个意思,是正确答案。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“主要由两个要素构成”,文章第二段提到“他们就像是用两种不同的方式来欣赏这个神奇的知识雕塑。”说的是两种不同方式,并不是指由这两个要素构成,该选项属于偷换概念;
B选项“呈现了两种不同的观点”,文中说的是两种不同方式而不是观点,该选项属于无中生有;
D选项“由互补的元素组成的整体”,互补出现在第二句当中,是用来说明实用(practical)和美学(aesthetic)具有相辅相成的关系,不是用来说明题干当中的the totality of the sculpture of knowledge。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Just because we become engrossed in the detail of a subject, according to the comment, does not mean that we ____. 根据该评论,仅仅因为我们专注于一个主题的细节,并不意味着我们____。
A. can have an understanding of it A. 能理解它
B. will develop into an expert B. 会成为专家
C. will perceive its entirety C. 将感知到它的整体
D. are interested in it D. 对它感兴趣
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第三段“科学也是如此。有时,我们透过一个主题,不愿停下来看太多的细节。作为化学家,我们对计算机科学或分子遗传学着迷,但还不足以成为专家。或者,我们可能对一种分析技术感兴趣,但不足以保持其尖端技术。在其他时候,我们会沉浸在一个主题的细节中,以一种完全不同于浏览的方式看到它的美。这就好像我们穿透雕塑的表面,穿过晶体结构到达分子水平,整个结构的代码被揭示出来。”结合第二段,知识是有广度和深度的,第三段说到科学也是如此,即科学也是有广度和深度的,沉浸在主题的细节中即知识的深度,这时可能会忽略知识的广度,也就是忽略整体,因此选C。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“能理解它”,文中没有提及,该选项属于无中生有;
B选项“会成为专家”,文中第三段提及“作为化学家,我们对计算机科学或分子遗传学着迷,但还不足以成为专家。”只是用化学家的例子来说明,该选项属于过度推断;
D选项“对它感兴趣”,文章没有体现,该选项属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
It is commentator’s contention that neither specialists nor generalists ____. 评论员认为,无论是专家还是通才____。
A. have zeal for the totality of the knowledge sculpture A. 都没有对知识雕塑的整体的热情
B. represent the depth and breadth of knowledge B. 都不能代表知识的深度和广度
C. are necessarily supposed to belittle the other C. 都不一定要贬低对方
D. can be qualified as environmental scientists D. 都不能成为合格的环境科学家
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“不幸的是,在我们对广度或深度的热情中,我们经常感到有必要贬低另一个的价值。……让我们不要因对深度和广度的热情而分裂。”可推断作者认为专家和通才都不一定要贬低对方。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“都没有对知识雕塑的整体的热情”,文中没有体现,该选项属于无中生有;
B选项“都不能代表知识的深度和广度”,文中没有体现,该选项属于无中生有;
D选项“都不能成为合格的环境科学家”,文中没有讲环境科学家,该选项属于无中生有。
第5题:
【选项释义】
Which of the following can be the best title for the comment? 下面哪个选项可以作为评论的最佳标题?
A. Interdisciplinary Study as Our Occupation A. 我们的职业是跨学科研究
B. Breadth and Depth of Knowledge B. 知识的广度和深度
C. The Ways of Doing Science C. 做科学的方法
D. The Beauty of Science D. 科学之美
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】文章第一二段提出观点:目前,国外掀起了一股重视知识广度的新浪潮。体验如此广博的知识是令人兴奋的,深入研究一个主题也是如此。文章最后一段讲:让我们不要因对深度和广度的热情而分裂。综合全文可知,文章讲的是对知识的深度和广度同样重视,因此选B。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“我们的职业是跨学科研究”,文章第一段提出“我们中的一些人在我们的职业中进行了跨学科的研究”,是对文章的片面概括,属于以偏概全;
C选项“做科学的方法”,文章用科学举例,是对文章的片面概括,属于以偏概全;
D选项“科学之美”,文章最后一段提到“在任何一条道路上等待我们的美都是如此珍贵,如此美妙,以至于不能被争吵所扼杀。”属于以偏概全。
【参考译文】
目前,国外正掀起一股重视知识广度的新浪潮。各大学和学院的课程以及联邦机构的计划都赞扬广泛教育的优点。对于从事专业工作的科学家来说,在业余时间广泛阅读与自己专业相距甚远的领域的书籍是一种享受。我们中的一些人将跨学科研究作为自己的职业,这并不奇怪,因为当今社会的许多智力活动都发生在传统学科之间的交界处。环境科学就是一个很好的例子,因为它经常要求我们精通几门不同的科学,甚至是一些非科学领域的知识。
体验这种知识的广度是令人振奋的,但深入研究一个学科也是如此。两者都是美妙的体验,在实用和美学方面相辅相成。它们就像用两种不同的方式欣赏知识的奇妙雕塑。从一个角度看雕塑,你会看到它的整体,看到它的各个组成部分是如何连接在一起,使它具有形式、平衡和对称。从另一个角度看,你会看到它的细节、深度和质量。在艺术中,没有必要在这两个视角之间做出选择。这样做会削弱雕塑的整体性。
科学也是如此。有时,我们凝视着一个主题,却不愿为太多细节而驻足。作为化学家,我们对计算机科学或分子遗传学着迷,但还不足以成为专家。或者,我们可能对某种分析技术感兴趣,但还不足以站在其最前沿。在其他时候,我们会沉浸在一个主题的细节中,以一种完全不同于浏览的方式看到它的美。我们仿佛穿透了雕塑的表面,穿过晶体结构,进入分子层面,整个结构的密码在那里显现出来。
遗憾的是,在我们热衷于追求广度或深度的时候,我们常常觉得有必要贬低其他方面的价值。专才有时会被冠以“书呆子”或“技术官僚”的称号,而通才则常常被批评为过于“软弱”或对任何一件事都知之甚少。这两种指责都是可笑的,它们否认了环境科学的部分现实。让我们不要因热衷于深度或广度而分裂。在这两条路线上等待着我们的美景都太珍贵了,不能被扼杀,不能因为争吵而减少其美妙。