On October 11th, 1994, John Forbes Nash, Jr. won the Nobel Prize for pioneering work in game theory.
Nash began his Ph.D. at Princeton in 1948 when he was just 20. While he was still only 21, lie wrote a 27-page doctoral dissertation on game theory (博弈论)——the mathematics of competition. The great John von Neuman, then at Princeton, had treated win-lose competitions. Now Nash showed how to construct mathematical situations in which both sides won. He found stable situations where no person continues to profit from competition.
Nash introduced something totally new. And he drew the attention of theoretical economists. They turned game theory into a tool. This young genius had succeeded.
He went on to MIT and for eight years greatly impressed the mathematical world. He worked in economics. He even invented the game of Hex, marketed by parker Brothers. He married in 1957. New York Times writer Silvia Nasar tells how Fortune Magazine singled him out in July 1958 as America's brilliant young star of the “new mathematics”. Everything was going smoothly.
Then, disaster! Mental illness overtook him. He’d once astonished mathematicians with his unlikely results. Now his results stopped making sense, and the dividing line wasn’t clear at first. He began looking for secret messages in numbers.
Psychologists of the 1950s claimed that his wife’s pregnancy had tipped him over the edge. Nice thing to lay on a woman already stressed to the edge by her husband’s collapse! The marriage ended, but she housed him, back in Princeton.
For 25 years, mental illness controlled John Nash. It was in the mid-1980s that Nash at last learned to manage his illness and, once again, he could do mathematics. Meanwhile, game theory had become a staple tool of business and economics. All the writing in that field points back to Nash's seminal work. Finally, Nash received the Nobel Prize in economics.
1.Nash won the Nobel Prize（ ）.
2.The word “They” (Para.3) refers to （ ）.
3.Which of the following statements is true?
4.Why do you think Nash made his achievement in the field of mathematics but was honored with the Nobel Prize for economics instead?
5.The purpose of this article might be（ ）.
问题1选项
A.for pioneering work in establishing a theory
B.for combining mathematics with economics
C.for greatly impressing the mathematical world for 8 years
D.for his merit
问题2选项
A.theoretical economists
B.Nash and his colleagues
C.Nash and other scientists
D.competitors
问题3选项
A.Nash’s wife divorced him, but gave him a house as a gift.
B.Nash’s wife agreed that her pregnancy contributed to Nash’s mental collapse.
C.The author thinks it’s right to blame Nash’s wife for his mental collapse.
D.The author thinks it’s unfair to blame Nash’s wife for his mental collapse.
问题4选项
A.Because his game theory drew the attention of theoretical economists.
B.Because his game theory has become a staple tool of business and economics.
C.Because he turned his game theory into a tool.
D.Because Nash was an economist.
问题5选项
A.to tell a story of a mathematics genius
B.to depict a mathematics genius
C.to tell the readers about John Forbes Nash. Jr.
D.to tell how Nash conquered his mental illness
第1题:A
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:C
第1题:
细节事实题。根据第一段的内容“John Forbes Nash, Jr.因博弈论的开创性工作获得诺贝尔奖。”选项A符合原文。
第2题:
语义题。根据第三段的内容“Nash introduced something totally new. And he drew the attention of theoretical economists. They turned game theory into a tool.”Nash介绍了一些全新的东西。他引起了理论经济学家的注意。他们把博弈论变成了一种工具。由此可知，这里的“they”指的是上句中的“theoretical economists”。所以选项A正确。
第3题:
判断推理题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“The marriage ended, but she housed him, back in Princeton.”离婚后，他的妻子把他安置在普林斯顿。而不是送了一套房子给他，所以选项A错误；根据倒数第二段第一句“Psychologists of the 1950s claimed that his wife’s pregnancy had tipped him over the edge.”20世纪50年代的心理学家们声称，他妻子的怀孕让他陷入了崩溃的边缘。但原文并没有说这是导致他精神崩溃的原因，所以选项B错误；再根据倒数第二段第二句“Nice thing to lay on a woman already stressed to the edge by her husband’s collapse! ”虽然英文表达为感叹句，但其实这里应该翻译为：将责任归因于一位因精神崩溃的丈夫而背负巨大压力的女性真的好吗？潜在意思是说，这是不公平的，所以选项C错误，选项D正确。
第4题:
细节事实题。根据最后一段最后几句“Meanwhile, game theory had become a staple tool of business and economics. All the writing in that field points back to Nash's seminal work. Finally, Nash received the Nobel Prize in economics.”与此同时，博弈论已经成为商业和经济学的主要工具。相关领域的所有文章都基于Nash具有重大意义的 研究成果。最后，Nash获得了诺贝尔经济学奖。由此可知，是因为Nash的博弈论已经成为商业和经济学的主要工具，所以他获得的是诺贝尔经济奖。选项B正确。
第5题:
主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是Nash的一生。他虽然精通数学领域，但他获得的却是诺贝尔经济奖。所以选项A和B错误；选项D“讲述Nash是如何战胜精神疾病的”只是他人生的一部分，所以选项D错误；选项C为正确答案。
