There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.
In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.
Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.
1.The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that( ).
2.One aspect of “the universality of toys” lies in the fact that( ).
3.Which of the following is the author’s view on the historical development of toys?
4.Regarded as a kind of art form, toys( ).
5.The author uses the example of a rattle to show that( ).
问题1选项
A.their social roles are rigidly determined
B.most boys would like to follow their fathers’ professions
C.boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers
D.they like challenging activities
问题2选项
A.technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys
B.the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities
C.the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys
D.the basic characteristics of toys are the same the world over
问题3选项
A.The craftsmanship in toy-making has remained essentially unchanged.
B.Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries.
C.The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years.
D.Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child’s character.
问题4选项
A.follow a direct line of ascent
B.also appeal greatly to adults
C.are not characterized by technological progress
D.reflect the pace of social progress
问题5选项
A.in toy-making there is a continuity in the use of materials
B.even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology
C.it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toy-making
D.even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time
第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:D
第1题:
【选项释义】
The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that ______. 大多数男孩玩的玩具与女孩玩的玩具不同,其原因是______。
A. their social roles are rigidly determined A. 他们的社会角色是严格规定的
B. most boys would like to follow their fathers’ professions B. 大多数男孩愿意跟随他们父亲的职业
C. boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers C. 男孩喜欢和他们的父亲一起玩,而女孩则和她们的母亲一起玩
D. they like challenging activities D. 他们喜欢有挑战性的活动
【考查点】判断推理题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play可以定位答案所在区域为第二段。根据第二段前两句:In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers(在古代世界,就像今天一样,大多数男孩玩一种玩具,而大多数女孩玩另一种。在社会角色被严格规定的社会中,男孩模仿父亲的行为,女孩模仿母亲的行为),由此可知男孩和女孩玩不同玩具的原因是因为他们的社会角色是严格规定的,所以正确答案为A选项。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均属于曲解原文。
第2题:
【选项释义】
One aspect of “the universality of toys” lies in the fact that ______. “玩具的普遍性”的一个方面在于:______。
A. technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys A. 技术的进步大大提高了玩具的耐用性
B. the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities B. 玩具制作工艺的提高有赖于大学的努力
C. the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys C. 对宇宙的探索导致了新型玩具的产生
D. the basic characteristics of toys are the same the world over D. 世界各地玩具的基本特征都是一样的
【考查点】判断推理题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词the universality of toys可以定位答案所在区域为第三段。根据第三段第三句:It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing…Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles(玩具在世界各地发展的普遍性,以及它们一直持续到现在,这是令人惊讶的……几乎每个文明都有娃娃、小武器、玩具士兵、小动物和交通工具),由此可知“玩具的普遍性”在于世界各地玩具的基本特征都是一样的,所以正确答案为D选项。
【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均属于曲解原文。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Which of the following is the author’s view on the historical development of toys? 以下哪项是作者对玩具的历史发展的看法?
A. The craftsmanship in toy-making has remained essentially unchanged. A. 制作玩具的工艺基本没有改变。
B. Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries. B. 几个世纪以来,玩具基本保持不变。
C. The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years. C. 近年来,玩具业见证了技术的巨大飞跃。
D. Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child’s character. D. 玩具在塑造孩子的性格方面正发挥着越来越重要的作用。
【考查点】判断推理题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词the historical development of toys可以确定答案所在区域为第三段。根据第三段第一句:What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same(关于玩具的历史,值得注意的不是它们在几个世纪中如何变化,而是它们在多大程度上保持不变),由此可知作者的看法是“几个世纪以来,玩具基本保持不变”,所以正确答案为B选项。
【干扰项排除】
A选项:“制作玩具的工艺基本没有改变”,根据第三段第二句:The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology(这些变化主要体现在工艺、机械和技术方面),可知制作玩具的工艺是变化的,该选项属于曲解原文;
C选项:“近年来,玩具业见证了技术的巨大飞跃”,根据最后一段第一句:Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use(因为玩具通常可以被视为一种艺术形式,它们没有受到成人发明的技术飞跃的影响),由此可知该选项属于曲解原文;
D选项:“玩具在塑造孩子的性格方面正发挥着越来越重要的作用”,原文没有提及,属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
Regarded as a kind of art form, toys ______. 作为一种艺术形式,玩具______。
A. follow a direct line of ascent A. 遵循一条直接的上升路线
B. also appeal greatly to adults B. 对成年人也有很大的吸引力
C. are not characterized by technological progress C. 不以技术进步为特征
D. reflect the pace of social progress D. 反映了社会进步的步伐
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词Regarded as a kind of art form可以确定答案所在区域为最后一段。根据最后一段第一句:Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use(因为玩具通常可以被视为一种艺术形式,它们没有受到成人发明的技术飞跃的影响),由此可知正确答案为C选项。
【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均属于曲解原文。
第5题:
【选项释义】
The author uses the example of a rattle to show that ______. 作者用拨浪鼓的例子来说明______。
A. in toy-making there is a continuity in the use of materials A. 在玩具制作中,材料的使用是有连续性的
B. even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology B. 即使是最简单的玩具也能反映技术的进步
C. it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toy-making C. 在玩具制作中引入新技术往往需要很长的时间
D. even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time D. 即使是一个简单的玩具也能反映出当时的艺术品味
【考查点】判断推理题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词rattle可以确定答案所在区域为最后一段。根据最后一段最后一句:Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials(每个拨浪鼓都是时代艺术品味的产物,并受到可用材料的限制),由此可知作者用拨浪鼓的例子来说明:玩具是可以反映时代品味的产物,即使是拨浪鼓这样简单的玩具也是如此,所以正确答案为D选项。
【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均属于曲解原文。