Maths and science certainly underpin many innovations. Indeed, they are the basis for much of modern society, from the gadgets people use to the ways in which people interact with one another and the way in which they think. So close is the relationship that politicians seeking to persuade voters that they are promoting economic growth use "science" and "innovation" almost interchangeably. But laudable as it is in its own right, does promoting maths and science represent the best way to stimulate future innovation?
Chris Budd, an applied mathematician at Bath University in Britain, points to the mathematical foundations of the commercial world: the internet, computers, mobile phones, modern medicine and even transport systems. These employ branches of mathematics that were considered obscure until recently but have found applications in areas such as building search engines, he argues. It is difficult to predict which new scientific advance will generate new economic activity but science nevertheless boosts productivity. And as governments have sought to promote business, they have encouraged universities to establish spin-off companies and to build partnerships with other fledgling organizations seeking to develop new products and new processes, which has helped to generate wealth.
That may all be true, but it is not sufficient, says Chris Trimble, who co-wrote "The Other Side of Innovation: Solving the Execution Challenge" with Vijay Govindarajan, both of whom conduct research into innovation at Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College in America. Of course maths and science can stimulate future innovation, but promoting these disciplines is not necessarily the best way of bringing about change. He cites targeted incentives, public and private spending and—most importantly, in his view—better management as more powerful alternatives. It is management education not technical education that is lacking, he argues. There is a surfeit of bright ideas but not enough wherewithal to implement them.
Yet the ability to create wealth not only depends on using tools that were scientifically designed; it also requires people to think both creatively and in cold, calculating ways. To misquote Thomas Edison, innovation is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. Time then, mentally, to roll up your sleeves.
1.From the first paragraph, we may know that many innovations （ ）.
2.The world “laudable” in Para. 1 probably meant （ ）.
3.“It” in Para. 1 (the last sentence) may refer to （ ）.
4.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about Chris Budd?
5.To Chris Trimble, education of maths and science（ ）.
问题1选项
A.are engendered by maths and science
B.bring convenient life to modern people
C.count most for politicians to gain votes
D.lead directly to world economic growth
问题2选项
A.understandable
B.praiseworthy
C.believable
D.feasible
问题3选项
A.modern society
B.promotion of economy
C.science and innovation
D.importance of maths and science
问题4选项
A.He works in a British university as an applied mathematician.
B.He firmly believes that mathematics will generate new economic activity.
C.He may think that it is logical to expect innovations to come out of universities.
D.He argues for the promotion of maths and science to foster future innovations.
问题5选项
A.proves sufficient to stimulate future innovation
B.means little compared with targeted incentives
C.is less important than management education
D.serves as the underpinning of economic productivity
第1题:A
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:C
第1题:
【选项释义】
From the first paragraph, we may know that many innovations ( ). 从第一段，我们可以知道许多创新（ ）。
A. are engendered by maths and science A. 由数学和科学产生
B. bring convenient life to modern people B. 给现代人带来便利的生活
C. count most for politicians to gain votes C. 是政治家获得选票的最重要的方式
D. lead directly to world economic growth D. 直接导致世界经济增长
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词many innovations定位文章首句Maths and science certainly underpin many innovations.（数学和科学无疑是许多创新的基础）可推知A选项“由数学和科学产生”正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“给现代人带来便利的生活”指的是数学和科学，而不是创新，属于张冠李戴；
C选项“对政治家获得选票最重要”，文章首段只是提到“科学与创新之间的关系如此密切，以至于政客们在试图说服选民，他们正在推动经济增长时，几乎可以把‘科学’和‘创新’互换使用”，并没有说明创新与政治家获得选票之间存在必要关系，属于过度判断；
D选项“直接导致世界经济增长”未在文中体现，属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
The world “laudable” in Para. 1 probably meant ( ). 第1段中的“laudable”可能是指（ ）。
A. understandable A. 可以理解的
B. praiseworthy B. 值得称赞的
C. believable C. 可信的
D. feasible D. 可行的
【考查点】词汇推断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词laudable定位文章首段尾句But laudable as it is in its own right, does promoting maths and science represent the best way to stimulate future innovation?（但是，促进数学和科学本身固然是laudable，但这是否是激励未来创新的最佳方式呢？），结合该段首句“数学和科学无疑是许多创新的基础”可知此处表示促进数学和科学本身是具有积极意义的，因此B选项“值得称赞的”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“可以理解的”未在文中体现，属于无中生有；
C、D选项，根据文章首段内容，可知这里强调的是促进数学和科学的发展这件事是值得称赞的，可以促进创新，而不是强调它的可信性和可行性，属于曲解原文。
第3题:
【选项释义】
“It” in Para. 1 (the last sentence) may refer to ( ). 第1段（最后一句）中的“它”指的是（ ）。
A. modern society A. 现代社会
B. promotion of economy B. 促进经济发展
C. science and innovation C. 科学与创新
D. importance of math and science D. 数学和科学的重要性
【考查点】词汇推断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词it定位文章首段尾句But laudable as it is in its own right, does promoting maths and science represent the best way to stimulate future innovation?（但是，it本身固然是值得称赞的，但这是否是激励未来创新的最佳方式呢？），结合文章首段就提出了数学和科学对于创新的重要性，可知“它”指的是“数学和科学的重要性”，因此D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“现代社会”在文章首段中有所体现，但与题干无关，属于答非所问；
B选项“促进经济发展”是科学提高生产率导致的结果，这里强调的是数学和科学对于创新的重要性，而不是经济，属于答非所问；
C选项“科学与创新”，这里强调的是数学和科学对于创新的重要性，而不仅仅是科学，属于以偏概全。
第4题:
【选项释义】
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about Chris Budd? 下列关于克里斯·巴德的陈述哪个是不正确的？
A. He works in a British university as an applied mathematician. A. 他在英国一所大学做应用数学家。
B. He firmly believes that mathematics will generate new economic activity. B. 他坚信数学将产生新的经济活动。
C. He may think that it is logical to expect innovations to come out of universities. C. 他可能认为，期待大学产生创新是合乎逻辑的。
D. He argues for the promotion of maths and science to foster future innovations. D. 他主张促进数学和科学以促进未来的创新。
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词Chris Budd定位文章第二段，由该段第三句It is difficult to predict which new scientific advance will generate new economic activity but science nevertheless boosts productivity.（很难预测哪些新的科学进步会产生新的经济活动，但科学确实会提高生产率）可知“他坚信数学将产生新的经济活动”表述过于绝对，与文章表述不符，因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“他在英国一所大学做应用数学家”与文章第二段中“英国巴斯大学的应用数学家克里斯•巴德”表述相符，属于反向干扰；
C选项“他可能认为，期待大学产生创新是合乎逻辑的”，根据文章第二段中“它们鼓励大学建立衍生公司”可推知巴德可能对于期待大学里能够产生创新是持肯定意见的，属于反向干扰；
D选项“他主张促进数学和科学以促进未来的创新”，根据文章第二段中“克里斯•巴德指出了商业世界的数学基础：互联网、电脑、移动电话、现代医学，甚至交通系统”以及“科学确实会提高生产率”可推知巴德注意到了数学和科学对于创新的重要性，因此该表述正确，属于反向干扰。
第5题:
【选项释义】
To Chris Trimble, education of maths and science ( ). 在克里斯·特林布尔看来，数学和科学教育（ ）。
A. proves sufficient to stimulate future innovation A. 证明自身足以刺激未来的创新
B. means little compared with targeted incentives B. 与有针对性的激励措施相比，意义不大
C. is less important than management education C. 没有管理教育重要
D. serves as the underpinning of economic productivity D. 作为经济生产力的基础
【考查点】观点态度题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词Chris Trimble定位文章第三段，由该段第二句Of course maths and science can stimulate future innovation, but promoting these disciplines is not necessarily the best way of bringing about change.（当然，数学和科学可以刺激未来的创新，但促进这些学科并不一定是带来变革的最佳方式），结合该段第三、四句He cites targeted incentives, public and private spending and—most importantly, in his view—better management as more powerful alternatives. It is management education not technical education that is lacking, he argues.（他认为，有针对性的激励措施、公共和私人支出，以及最重要的是——更好的管理是更有力的替代办法。他认为，缺乏的是管理教育，而不是技术教育）可推知C选项“没有管理教育重要”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“证明自身足以刺激未来的创新”，根据文章第三段中“数学和科学可以刺激未来的创新，但促进这些学科并不一定是带来变革的最佳方式”可知在他看来，数学和科学并不足以刺激未来的创新，属于曲解原文；
B选项“与有针对性的激励措施相比，意义不大”，这里强调的是管理教育的重要性，而不是有针对性的激励措施，属于曲解原文；
D选项“作为经济生产力的基础”与文章首句“数学和科学无疑是许多创新的基础”表述不符，属于曲解原文。
