Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick，hard-wired responses.
Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly，within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.
But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.
Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face ( one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling)，we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female ap-plicants ,we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.
John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.
Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.
1.The time needed in making decisions may（ ）.
2.Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions （ ）.
3.To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should （ ）.
4.John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on （ ）.
5.The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is（ ）.
问题1选项
A.predetermine the accuracy of our judgment
B.prove the complexity of our brain reaction
C.depend on the importance o£ the assessment
D.vary according to the urgency of the situation
问题2选项
A.can be associative
B.are not unconscious
C.can be dangerous
D.are not impulsive
问题3选项
A.trust our first impression
B.think before we act
C.do as people usually do
D.ask for expert advice
问题4选项
A.critical assessment
B.“thin sliced” study
C.adequate information
D.sensible explanation
问题5选项
A.tolerant
B.optimistic
C.uncertain
D.doubtful
第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:B
第1题:
【选项释义】
The time needed in making decisions may_____. 做决定所需的时间可能_____。
A. predetermine the accuracy of our judgment A. 预先确定我们判断的准确性
B. prove the complexity of our brain reaction B. 证明我们大脑反应的复杂性
C. depend on the importance of the assessment C. 取决于评估的重要性
D. vary according to the urgency of the situation D. 根据情况的紧急程度而定
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据题干The time needed和making decisions可定位至第二段第二句：But we need more time to assess other factors.（我们需要更多的时间评估其他因素。）本句的more time暗示But的上文应是在讲“less time”，果不其然，第一句讲“紧急情形defense mechanism”需要“快决策snap decision”，即“less time”，而第二句则讲“其他的非紧急情形other factors”需要“慢决策more time”，由此可知，不同紧急程度的情况需要的决策时间是不同的，D项“vary according to the urgency of the situation依情况的紧急程度而有所不同”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、C选项在原文中没有提及，属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions_____. 我们对快餐标志的反应表明快速决策_____。
A. can be associative A. 可以联想
B. are not unconscious B. 并不是无意识的
C. can be dangerous C. 可能是危险的
D. are not impulsive D. 不是冲动的
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】根据题干our reaction to a fast-food logo，可定位到第三段的第二句：Psychologists...found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster...（心理学家发现注视快餐商标仅几毫秒就可以让人们的阅读速度加快20%。）这是例子，而例子证明的对象一般在例子的上文或下文，而非例子之中，所以接下来对比本句的上下文。下文第三句：We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing.（我们无意识地把快餐和速度以及急切联系到一起，并将这些冲动付诸我们所做的任何其他事情中。）这是对上述例子（心理学家的发现）的原理解释，即例子所证明的原理。A选项“can be associative仓促决定受联想的影响”与句中的“unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience”（无意识地把快餐和速度以及急切联系到一起）对应，正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项，原文中提到We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing.（我们不自觉地把快餐与速度和急躁联系在一起，并把这些冲动带到我们做的任何其他事情上。）可知我们对快餐的logo的反映是无意识的，选项属于反向干扰；
C、D选项在原文中没有提及，属于无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should_____. 为了扭转仓促决定的负面影响，我们应该_____。
A. trust our first impression A. 相信我们的第一印象
B. think before we act B. 三思而后行
C. do as people usually do C. 像人们通常做的那样
D. ask for expert advice D. 征求专家意见
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据题干reverse the negative influences我们可定位到第四段第一句：Yet we can reverse such influences.（我们能够扭转这种负面的影响）但并未说“我们应该如何扭转这种影响”，根据语篇衔接与连贯的特点，要在下文继续寻找，在第二句。If we know we will overreact... we can take a moment before buying.（如果我们知道我们会作出过度反应，我们就该在购买之前先思考一下。）所以消除仓促决策负面影响的方式是“我们应该先想好再行动”， B选项“think before we act三思而后行”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、C、D选项在定位处没有提及，属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on_____. John Gottman说，可靠的快速反应基于_____。
A. critical assessment A. 关键的评估
B. “thin sliced” study B. “薄切片”研究
C. adequate information C. 足够的信息
D. sensible explanation D. 合理的解释
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据题干John Gottman says和reliable snap reaction is based on可定位在第五段第一句：John Gottman...explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study.（John Gottman认为，只有我们把快速反应建立在大量信息长期研究的基础上，我们才能可靠地依据少量信息作出快速反应）C项“adequate information足够的信息”与本句“thick sliced long-term study大量信息的长期研究”相符，因此C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、D选项在定位处没有提及，属于无中生有；
B项在定位处有提及，但根据解析可知，所谓的thin slice是基于“thick sliced” long-term study，后者才是研究的重点，这里属于曲解原文。
第5题:
【选项释义】
The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is_____. 作者对扭转高速趋势的态度是_____。
A. tolerant A. 容忍的
B. optimistic B. 乐观的
C. uncertain C. 不确定的
D. doubtful D. 质疑的
【考查点】观点态度题
【解题思路】根据题干reversing the high-speed trend可定位到尾段的第四句：We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.（我们仍有足够的想象能力去抵制诱惑，并扭转快速反应的趋向）因此作者的态度是B选项“optimistic乐观的”。
【干扰项排除】
A、C、D选项不能通过文章信息推理出来。
