It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.
Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?
As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.
But he's also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype, that it's for kids who can't make it academically,” he says.
On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America's evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.
But the headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point: That's not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor's degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.
In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them. Koziatek's Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.
Koziatek's school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.
1.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students' lack of （ ）.
2.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who （ ）.
3.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates （ ）.
4.The headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all （ ）.
5.The author's attitude toward Koziatek's school can be described as（ ）.
问题1选项
A.mechanical memorization
B.academic training
C.practical ability
D.pioneering spirit
问题2选项
A.are financially disadvantaged
B.are not academically successful
C.have a stereotyped mind
D.have no career motivation
问题3选项
A.are entitled to more “educational privileges
B.are reluctant to work in manufacturing
C.used to have more job opportunities
D.used to have big financial concerns
问题4选项
A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs
B.may narrow the gap in working-class jobs
C.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce
D.indicates the overvaluing of higher education
问题5选项
A.supportive
B.disappointed
C.tolerant
D.cautious
第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:A
第1题:
【选项释义】
A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of _____. 一个自行车链条断裂的例子显示了学生们缺乏_____。
A. mechanical memorization A. 机械化记忆
B. academic training B. 学术训练
C. practical ability C. 实践能力
D. pioneering spirit D. 开拓精神
【答案】C
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位到原文第二段后两句“那里的学习不是书本、考试和机械记忆（mechanical memorization），而是实践（practical）。学生们应该能够说出美国第13任总统的名字，但却被一根断了的自行车链完全压倒，这是什么时候被公认的智慧”，由此可知，该例子显示学生缺乏“实践能力”，选项C正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项不符合原文，属于曲解原文；
B、D选项原文没有提及，属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who _____. 存在着一种偏见，认为职业教育是为_____的孩子。
A. are financially disadvantaged A. 经济弱势
B. are not academically successful B. 学业不成功
C. have a stereotyped mind C. 有刻板印象
D. have no career motivation D. 没有职业动力
【答案】B
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位到原文第四段最后一句“职业教育（vocational education）家庭中的学校有一种刻板印象，那就是它是为那些在学业上做不到的孩子们（kids who can’t make it academically）准备的”，由此可知，选项B符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A、C、D选项原文没有提及，属于无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates _____. 我们可以从第5段推断，高中毕业生_____。
A. are entitled to more “educational privileges” A. 享有更多的“教育特权”
B. are reluctant to work in manufacturing B. 不愿意在制造业工作
C. used to have more job opportunities C. 以前有更多的工作机会
D. used to have big financial concerns D. 曾经有很大的财务问题
【答案】C
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位到第五段第三句“美国经济曾经为高中毕业生（high school graduates）提供的就业保障（job security），如今基本上已荡然无存（evaporated）”，由此可推断出“以前有更多的工作机会”，选项C符合。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、D选项原文没有提及，属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all _____. 轻率地推动所有人获得学士学位_____。
A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs A. 帮助创造了很多中等技能的工作
B. may narrow the gap in working-class jobs B. 也许能缩小工人阶级的工作差距
C. is expected to yield a better-trained workforce C. 预计产生训练有素的劳动力
D. indicates the overvaluing of higher education D. 表明对高等教育的过度重视
【答案】D
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位到第六段首句“但是，对所有人一意孤行地攻读学士学位，以及对其他学位的微妙贬值（subtle devaluing），忽略了（misses）一个重要的问题：这不是（not）美国经济所需要的唯一东西”，由此可知，轻率地推动所有人获得学士学位这一做法是不正确的，是对高等教育的过度重视，选项D符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、C选项原文没有提及，属于无中生有。
第5题:
【选项释义】
The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as _____. 作者对Koziatek学派的态度可以用_____来形容。
A. supportive A. 支持的
B. disappointed B. 沮丧的
C. tolerant C. 容忍的
D. cautious D. 谨慎的
【答案】A
【考查点】观点态度题。
【解题思路】由题干定位到文章最后两段，两段中都出现了积极性评价，“is trying to fill that gap”、“is a wake-up call”，可知作者对这个学校的态度是积极支持的。A选项符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
B、C、D选项不符合作者态度，属于曲解原文。
【参考译文】
令人奇怪的是，斯蒂芬·科兹亚特克觉得自己几乎必须证明自己的努力是为了给学生一个更美好的未来。
科兹亚特克先生参与了一些开拓性的活动。他是新罕布什尔州一所高中的教师，在这所高中，学习不是书本、考试和机械记忆，而是实践。学生们应该能够说出美国第13任总统的名字，但却对自行车链条的断裂束手无策，这是什么时候形成的共识？
正如科兹亚特克所知道的，任何事情都有学问。强迫学生在一张满是涂鸦、塞满了几代人扔掉的口香糖的桌子前学习几何，不一定会有什么收获。他们也可以通过组装自行车来学习几何。
但他也发现了一种隐蔽的偏见。用手工作几乎被视为低人一等的标志。他说，职业教育体系中的学校“都有这种刻板印象，认为职业教育是为那些在学业上无法取得成功的孩子准备的”。
一方面，这种观点是美国发展的必然产物。制造业已不再是曾经的经济引擎。美国经济曾经为高中毕业生提供的就业保障在很大程度上已经消失。更多的教育是新的原则。我们希望我们的孩子接受更多的教育，这是理所当然的。
但是，一窝蜂地推动人人获得学士学位，以及对低于学士学位的微妙贬低，却忽略了重要的一点： 这并不是美国经济唯一需要的东西。是的，学士学位打开了更多的大门。但即便是现在，美国54%的工作岗位都是中等技能工作，如建筑业和高技能制造业。但只有44%的工人受过充分培训。
换句话说，当工人阶级在政治上颠覆国家，对曾经定义美国的机会正在消失感到沮丧的时候，一个显而易见的解决方案正摆在我们面前。工人阶级的工作岗位存在缺口，但最需要这些工作的工人却没有能力胜任。科兹亚特克的曼彻斯特技术高中正在努力填补这一空白。
科兹亚特克的学校为我们敲响了警钟。当教育变得一刀切时，就有可能忽视一个国家的天赋多样性。
