Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a “virtual” or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners.
“With virtual reality we will be able to put a surgeon in every trench,” said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.
The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets (头盔) that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.
Although Satava’s vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound.
These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor. Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient’s brain taken before surgery.
During these procedures-operations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered-surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can.
Satava says, “We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine.”
1. According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine( ).
2. How is virtual reality surgery performed?
3. Richard Satava has visions of( ).
4. During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because( ).
5. Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional surgery in that they____.
问题1选项
A.will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefieldt
B.can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefieldt
C.will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefieldt
D.can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefieldt
问题2选项
A.It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device.t
B.Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer.t
C.Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer lined to them.t
D.A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation.t
问题3选项
A.using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseast
B.wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefieldt
C.wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeonst
D.setting up mobile surgical units overseast
问题4选项
A.he is looking at the cuts on a computer screent
B.the cuts can be examined from different anglest
C.the cuts have been highly magnifiedt
D.he is wearing 3-D glassest
问题5选项
A.cause less pain to the woundedt
B.allow the patient to recover more quicklyt
C.will make human surgeons’ work less tedioust
D.are done by robot surgeons with greater precision
第1题:C
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:D
第5题:D
第1题:
细节推理题。题干意思是“根据萨塔瓦,虚拟现实在医学上的应用……”。第二段提到“With virtual reality we will be able to put a surgeon in every trench,” said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.(萨塔瓦说:“有了虚拟现实技术,我们将能够在每条战壕里都安置一名外科医生。”他设想有一天,在海外战斗中受伤的士兵可以被安置在配备电脑的移动手术室),由此可以推理,虚拟现实在医学上的应用可以改善战场上的医疗条件,故C项“将大大改善战场上的医疗条件”正确。A项“将使外科医生能够亲临每一个战场”,表述与原文不符;B项“可以鼓舞在战场上受伤的士兵的精神”和D项“可以缩短在战场上受伤的士兵的行动时间”文章没有提到。因此,该题选择C项正确。
第2题:
细节事实题。题干意思是“如何进行虚拟现实手术?”。根据文章第四段第三句As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery.(当外科医生观察手术的三维图像时,他们移动与计算机相连的仪器,计算机将他们的动作传递给实施手术的机器人仪器)可知,C项“外科医生通过排列在机器上的计算机移动机器器械”正确。A项“它是由计算机设计的高精度设备执行的”没有提到;B项“外科医生戴着虚拟现实头盔接受电脑提供的反馈”,第三段提到The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. (外科医生将通过虚拟现实头盔观察士兵,头盔上有一个显示伤口图像的小屏幕) ,可知医生是通过头盔亲自观察士兵的伤情,而不是通过接收机器人的反馈;D项“一幅3d图像记录了外科医生在手术过程中的动作”,第五段最后一句提到While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient’s brain taken before surgery.(在切除大脑深处的肿瘤时,她在术前拍摄的病人大脑计算机图形图像中观察手术工具的动作)可知,3d图像是医生用来观察手术工具的动作,而不是记录外科医生的动作,D项表述不正确。因此,该题选择C项正确。
第3题:
细节推理题。题干意思是“萨塔瓦幻想……”。根据文章第二段第二句He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.(他设想有一天,在海外战斗中受伤的士兵可以被安置在配备电脑的移动手术室)可推理,理查德•萨塔瓦设想受伤的战士可以在移动的手术室通过远程控制电脑实现被远程救治,故A项“用遥控技术治疗海外作战的受伤士兵”符合题意。B项“伤兵在战场上被医生戴着虚拟现实头盔拯救”,表述不准确,头盔是医生用来观察伤情而非实行救治的;C项“受过专门训练的外科医生对受伤士兵进行手术”,第三段最后一句提到The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.(医生们将指导战场上的移动手术室内的机器人设备为士兵进行手术),可知是通过机器人为士兵进行手术,C项错误;D项“在海外设立流动手术室”是以偏概全。因此,该题选择A项正确。
第4题:
细节事实题。题干意思是“在虚拟现实手术中,外科医生可以更好地看到身体的切口,因为……”。倒数第二段第一句提到During these procedures-operations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered-surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view.(在这些手术过程中,通过身体的小切口进行的手术中,操作微型相机和手术工具的外科医生戴着3D眼镜,以便更好地观察),由此可知外科医生可以更好地看到身体的切口是因为3d眼镜提供的更好的视野,故D项“他戴着3d眼镜”正确。A项“他正在看电脑屏幕上的切口”,表述不够准确;B项“切口可以从不同的角度检查”和C项“切口被高度放大”文中未提及。因此,该题选择D项正确。
第5题:
细节事实题。题干意思是“虚拟现实手术是传统手术的改进,因为它们……”。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can(他们还命令机器人外科医生比人类外科医生更精确地切除组织)可知,机器人外科医生比人类外科医生更能精确的实行组织切除,这是虚拟现实手术是传统手术的改进的原因;故D项“由机器人外科医生更精确地完成”正确。A项“对受伤的人造成较少的痛苦”、B项“让病人恢复得更快”和C项“将使人类外科医生的工作不那么乏味”文中均未提及。因此,该题选择D项正确。