Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships.
Occasionally the movement of a family away from a situation which has been the source of friction results in greater family organization, but on the whole mobility is disorganizing.
Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space, movement up or down in social status, and the movement of ideas. These are termed respectively spatial, vertical, and ideational mobility.
A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in rail and water transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability. It also means that when individual family members or the family as a whole move away from a community, the person or the family is removed from the pressures of relatives, friends, and community institutions and stability. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes, values, and ways of thinking within a family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife, and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules.
One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in the proportion of sons, and to some extent daughters, who engage in occupations other than those of the parents.
Another index of vertical mobility is the degree of intermarriage between racial classes. This occurs almost exclusively between classes which are adjacent to each other. Engaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with ways of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children.
The increase in ideational mobility is measured by the increase in publications, such as newspapers, periodicals, and books, the increase in the percentage of the population owning radios, and the increase in television sets. All these tend to introduce new ideas into the home.
When individual family members are exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.
1. Intermarriage and different occupations play an important role in family disorganization because（ ）.
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about people living in a traditional family according to the passage?
3. Which of the following statements can summarize the passage?
4. Potential disorganization exists in those families in which（ ）.
5. This passage suggests that a well-organized family is a family whose members（ ）.
问题1选项
A.they permit one to come into contact with different ways of behavior and thinking
B.they enable the children to travel around without their parents’ permission
C.they allow one to find a good job and improve one’s social status
D.they enable the children to better understand the ways of behavior of their parents
问题2选项
A.They are less likely to quarrel with others because of conventionality and stability.
B.They have to depend on their relatives and friends if they do not move away from it.
C.They will have more freedom of action and thought if they move away from it.
D.They can get more help from their family members if they are in trouble.
问题3选项
A.Social development results in a decline in the importance of traditional families.
B.The movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social status.
C.Potential disorganization is present in the American family.
D.Family disorganization is more or less the result of mobility.
问题4选项
A.both parents have to work full time
B.the husband, wife, and children work too hard
C.the husband, wife, and children seldom get together
D.the family members are subject to social pressures
问题5选项
A.never quarrel with each other even when they disagree
B.are not psychologically withdrawn from one another
C.often help each other with true love and affection
D.are exposed to the same new ideas introduced by books, radios, and TV sets
第1题:A
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:B
第1题:
客观细节题。由题干关键词“Intermarriage and different occupations”可以定位到文章第六段最后一句Engaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with ways of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children.（从事不同的职业或通婚，就像空间流动一样，会让人接触到不同于父母家的行为方式，并有可能让父母和孩子分开。），说明从事不同的职业或通婚会让人接触到不同的行为方式。因此A选项“它们使人能够接触到不同的行为方式和思维方式”正确。B选项“使孩子们能够在未经父母允许的情况下四处旅行”，C选项“能让人找到一份好工作，提高自己的社会地位”，D选项“能让孩子更好地理解父母的行为方式”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。
第2题:
推理判断题。由题干关键词“traditional family”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability.（空间的流动性导致了传统家庭的重要性下降，传统家庭强调家庭的连续性和稳定性。），说明传统家庭十分注重家庭连续性和稳定性，接着第四、五句说到Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes, values, and ways of thinking within a family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization.（更重要的是，空间的流动性使一些家庭成员能够接触到并可能采取不同于其他家庭成员的态度、价值观和思维方式。在一个家庭中存在不同的态度、价值观和思维方式可能，而且经常会导致冲突和家庭混乱。），说明空间的流动性让部分家庭成员接触并采纳了其他家庭不同的态度、价值观和思考方式，这会导致家庭的冲突和混乱，而传统家庭是反对空间流动性的，那么也就不容易出现冲突、争吵的现象。因此A选项“因为传统和稳定性，他们不太可能与他人争吵”正确。C选项“如果他们离开传统家庭，会有更多的行动和思想自由”，文中提到的态度、价值观和思维方式只涉及了思想方面可能产生的变化，而没有提到行动上的，所以C错误。B选项“他们如果不搬离传统家庭，就必须依靠亲戚朋友”，D选项“如果他们遇到困难，可以从家人那里得到更多的帮助”在文中均没有提及，所以B，D错误。
第3题:
主旨大意题。文章首句说到Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships.（个体成员和家庭群体的流动性往往会导致家庭关系的破裂。）这是文章的主旨句，句中的split up family relationships（家庭关系破裂）是mobility（流动性）导致的结果，且与后文的disorganizing（无组织化）相对应，接下来全文都围绕着这一句展开论述，阐述流动性是如何导致家庭关系破裂的。因此D选项“家庭的无组织化或多或少是流动性的结果”最能概括文章主旨。A选项“社会发展导致传统家庭的重要性下降”在文中没有提及，所以A错误。B选项“家庭的流动性是提高其社会地位的因素之一”颠倒了因果关系，应该是社会地位的变化导致了家庭的流动性，所以B错误。C选项“美国家庭中存在潜在的混乱现象”只是文中提及的一个现象，不能全面概括文章主旨，所以C错误。
第4题:
推理判断题。由题干关键词“Potential disorganization”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife, and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules.（在一些家庭中，丈夫、妻子和孩子长时间在空间上分开，或者虽然住在一起但因为工作安排不同而只能短暂地见面，这些家庭就存在潜在的混乱。），说明潜在的混乱存在于那些丈夫、妻子和孩子很少见面的家庭中。因此C选项“丈夫、妻子、孩子很少在一起”正确。A选项“父母都要全职工作”，D选项“家庭成员要承受社会压力”在文中均没有提及，所以A，D错误。B选项“丈夫、妻子、孩子工作太辛苦了”，原文只提到了不同的工作安排，并未提到工作太辛苦，所以B错误。
第5题:
推理判断题。文章中提到了三种流动性使家庭变得无组织化，第四段提到spatial mobility（空间的流动性）导致了conflict and family disorganization（冲突与家庭混乱），第六段提到vertical mobility…tends to separate parents and their children（垂直的流动性可能会让父母和孩子分开），第八段提到When individual family members are exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.（当个别家庭成员接触和采用新观念时，冲突倾向就会产生，冲突中的人在心理上就会彼此分离。），说明空间的流动性、垂直的流动性和思想的流动性会使家庭变得无组织化，由此可以逆向推断出有组织性的家庭不会出现以上问题，即家庭成员之间不会有隔阂。因此B选项“彼此之间没有心理上的隔阂”正确。C选项“常以真情相助，感情深厚”没有涉及问题的实质，所以C错误。A选项“即使意见不一致，也不会相互争吵”，D选项“接触到的都是书本、收音机、电视机所介绍的新思想”表述都过于绝对，所以A，D错误。
