Hawaii’s native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago’s political establishment, which-includes the White Americans who dominated until the Second World War and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.
The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii’s native people have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state’s homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.
But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii’s first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives’ cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.
However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state—as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives’ interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.
But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from dear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.
Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE of the Hawaiian natives?
2. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?
3. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?
4. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT( ).
5. Hawaii’s native minority refers to( ).
问题1选项
A.Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.
B.Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.
C.They are the only native group without sovereignty.
D.Their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.
问题2选项
A.He is leading the local independence movement.
B.He is Hawaii’s first native governor.
C.He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.
D.He suggested the native people decide for themselves.
问题3选项
A.American Indian natives.
B.The Ka Lahui group.
C.Office of Hawaiian Affairs.
D.The Hawaiian natives.
问题4选项
A.a greater autonomy within the state
B.more back rent on the crown land
C.a claim on the Hawaiian crown land
D.full independence from the US
问题5选项
A.people with 50% Hawaiian blood
B.Hawaii’s ethnic groups
C.the Ka Lahui
D.people of Filipino origin
第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:B
第5题:B
第1题:
推理判断题。由B选项关键词“worse than”可以定位到文章第二段第一句The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii’s native people have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups.(这些岛屿在1898年被美国吞并,自那以后,夏威夷的土著居民比其他任何民族都过得更糟糕。),说明夏威夷的土著居民和其他民族比起来生活更糟糕。因此B选项“他们的生活比夏威夷其他民族的生活更糟糕”正确。由A选项关键词“homeless”可以定位到第二段第二句They make up over 60 percent of the state’s homeless(他们占该州无家可归者的60%以上),说明超过60%的夏威夷土著人无家可归,但其中并不包括失业的人数,所以A选项“他们中有60%的人无家可归或失业”错误。由C选项关键词“sovereignty”可以定位到第二段最后一句They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.(他们是美国唯一没有某种程度自治权的主要原住民群体。),指的是主要原住民群体,所以C选项“他们是唯一没有主权的土著群体”错误。由D选项关键词“life span”可以定位到第二段第二句and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians(寿命比夏威夷人的平均寿命短5年),指的是比夏威夷人的寿命短,而不是一般的美国人,所以D选项“他们的寿命比一般美国人短5年”错误。
第2题:
客观细节题。由题干关键词“John Waihee”可以定位到文章第三段,前半部分说到a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii’s first native governor, John Waihee(夏威夷第一任土著州长约翰•韦希建立的一个主权咨询委员会),说明John Waihee是夏威夷第一任土著州长,由他成立了主权咨询委员会,所以B选项“他是夏威夷的第一位土著州长”和C选项“他成立了一个主权咨询委员会”表述正确。后半部分说到has given the natives’ cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.(建议由夏威夷土著人自己决定是否重新建立一个拥有主权的夏威夷国家,从而极大地推动了土著人的事业。),说明John Waihee建议由夏威夷土著人自己决定是否建立主权国家,所以D选项“他建议土著人自己决定”表述正确。A选项“他正在领导当地的独立运动”在文中没有提及,因此本题选A。
第3题:
客观细节题。由题干关键词“less radical”可以定位到文章第四段第三句This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives’ interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement.(这一立场得到了夏威夷事务办公室的支持。OHA成立于1978年,是一个代表原住民利益的国家机构,现在已经成为原住民主权运动的温和代言人。),说明夏威夷事务办公室在主权问题上的态度是温和、不激进的,题干中的less radical和原文中的moderate对应。因此C选项“夏威夷事务办公室”正确。A选项“美国印第安土著人”,B选项“卡拉会群体”,D选项“夏威夷土著人”,文中都表明了他们希望享有更大的自治权,所以A, B, D错误。
第4题:
客观细节题。由A选项关键词“greater autonomy”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Some just want greater autonomy within the state(有些人只是想在州内享有更大的自治权),所以A选项“在州内享有更大的自治权”符合夏威夷土著人的要求,排除A。由C选项关键词“crown land”可以定位到文章最后一段第二句They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted.(他们还希望政府接受他们对66万公顷夏威夷王室土地的所有权。),所以C选项“对夏威夷王室土地的所有权要求”符合夏威夷土著人的要求,排除C。由D选项关键词“full independence”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.(更有野心的是卡拉会群体,该群体于1987年宣布自己是一个新国家,并希望完全、正式地从美国独立出来。),所以D此处“完全独立于美国”符合夏威夷土著人的要求,排除D。由B选项关键词“crown land”可以定位到文章最后一段第二、三、四句They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land.(他们还希望政府接受他们对66万公顷夏威夷王室土地的所有权。正是在这个问题上,土著群体面临着来自国家当局的最大反对。1993年,州政府向OHA支付了1.36亿美元的王室土地欠租,许多官员表示,接受这笔款项后,OHA就放弃了对土地的合法所有权。),说明夏威夷土著人要求的是对王室土地的所有权,而不是更多的欠租。因此B选项“更多的王室土地欠租”不符合夏威夷土著人的要求,本题选B。
第5题:
推理判断题。由题干关键词“native minority”可以定位到文章第二段第一句since then Hawaii’s native people have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups.(自那以后,夏威夷的土著居民比其他任何民族都过得更糟糕。),说明“Hawaii’s native minority”指的是夏威夷本地的一个少数民族。因此B选项“夏威夷的族群”正确。A选项“有50%夏威夷血统的人”,C选项“卡拉会群体”,D选项“菲律宾裔人”均不能完整概括夏威夷土著民族的含义,所以A,C,D错误。