There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark’s I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.
1. This selection can best be titled ( ).
2. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that ( ).
3. According to the passage, the average I.Q. is ( ).
4. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that ( ).
5. This passage suggests that an individual’s I.Q. ( ).
问题1选项
A.Measuring Your Intelligence
B.Intelligence and Environment
C.The Case of Peter and Mark
D.How the Brain Influences Intelligence
问题2选项
A.human brains differ considerably
B.the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence
C.environment is vital to determine a person’s intelligence
D.persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence
问题3选项
A.85
B.100
C.110
D.125
问题4选项
A.individual with identical brains seldom test at same level
B.an individual’s intelligence is determined only by his environment
C.lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence
D.changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain
问题5选项
A.can be predicted at birth
B.stays the same throughout his life
C.can be increased by education
D.is determined by his childhood
第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:C
第1题:
推理判断题。根据第一段There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with...So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared(有两个因素决定一个人的智力。首先是他与生俱来的大脑……所以第二个因素是个体发生了什么——他成长的环境)可知B选项“智力与环境”最符合题意;A选项“衡量你的智力”,C选项“彼得和马克的案例”以及D选项“大脑如何影响智力”都是文章内容中的一部分,没有概括全文;因此B选项正确。
第2题:
推理判断题。根据第一段But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable(但是,无论一个人的大脑有多好,如果没有学习的机会,他的智力水平也会很低。所以第二个因素是个体发生了什么——他成长的环境。如果一个人在环境上有缺陷,他的大脑很可能无法发展,他将永远无法达到他所能达到的智力水平)以及第二段The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X(环境在决定个人智力方面的重要性,可以从同卵双胞胎彼得x和马克x的历史中得到证明)可以得知C选项“环境对决定一个人的智力至关重要”符合题意;A选项“人类的大脑有很大的不同”和D选项“拥有相同大脑的人会有大致相同的智力”未在文章内提及;虽然文章内提到There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with(有两个因素决定一个人的智力。首先是他与生俱来的大脑)但是并没有表达出 B选项“一个人天生的大脑在决定他的智力方面很重要”的含义,因此C选项正确。
第3题:
事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句Mark’s I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother(马克的智商是125,比平均水平高出25分,比他同父异父的哥哥整整高出40分),可知平均水平为100;因此B选项“100”符合题意。
第4题:
推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same(由于同卵,这对双胞胎在出生时就拥有相同的大脑,他们的成长过程也相同)以及第二段Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark’s I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother(得是在一个受教育机会很少的与世隔绝的社区里,由智力低下的父母抚养长大的。马克是在上过大学的富裕家庭长大的。他还是个孩子的时候,就有人给他读故事,送他去好学校,给他一切机会去激发他的智力。这种环境差异一直持续到双胞胎十几岁时,当他们接受智力测试时。马克的智商是125,比平均水平高出25分,比他同父异父的哥哥整整高出40分)可以得知C选项“缺乏机会阻碍了智力的成长”符合题意;A选项“具有相同大脑的个体很少接受相同水平的测试”和D选项“环境的变化产生大脑结构的变化”未在文章内提及;根据第一段第一句There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with(有两个因素决定一个人的智力。首先是他与生俱来的大脑)可知 B选项“一个人的智力只取决于他所处的环境”错误,因此C选项正确。
第5题:
推理判断题。根据第一段第三句But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn(但是,无论一个人的大脑有多好,如果没有学习的机会,他的智力水平也会很低。)可以得知C选项“可以通过教育增加”正确;A选项“在出生时就可以预测”和B选项“在他的一生中保持不变”未在文章内提及;根据第二段所描述的双胞胎的例子可知 D选项“是由他的童年决定的”错误,因此C选项正确。