试题出自试卷《考博英语摸底测试卷》

【写作思路】
开头段：提出中国人口老龄化的问题并给出相关政府统计数据。
主体段：分析中国人口老龄化的后果：经济方面；社会负担方面。
结合相关政策和现实经验提出解决人口老龄化的措施。
结尾段：总结全文，积极面对人口老龄化带来的挑战。

【参考范文】

Nowadays, population aging has become a global phenomenon, and China has joined the ranks. According to statistics, by the end of 2021, the country’s elderly population aged 60 and above reached 267 million, accounting for 18.9 percent of the total population. This represents an increase of 2.51 percentage points compared to the previous decade. As the number of elderly people continues to increase, population aging continues to deepen, posing serious challenges to society.
Firstly, the aging population will lead to a decline in labor productivity and economic growth. Once the economically active population shows an aging trend, the quality of the workforce will inevitably decline, and ultimately national income will fall. Secondly, the aging population will result in an increased burden on society. People’s use of health services increases significantly in later life, leading to an increase in the public resources required for pensions, health, and residential care expenditure. What we can do is actively respond to this phenomenon. To start with, the social security and pension insurance system should be improved, especially in rural areas, which will help to reduce the burden on working families. Furthermore, the focus should be on developing elderly care services to meet the multi-level needs of the elderly, which will help to improve their quality of life in general.
In conclusion, population aging has become inevitable and we must therefore recognize the challenges it poses to our lives and society, and work to develop effective strategies to reduce its negative impact.

【重点词汇】
ultimately /ˈʌltɪmətli/ adv. 最终 pension /ˈpenʃ(ə)n/ n. 养老金
expenditure /ɪkˈspendɪtʃə/ n. 支出 multi-level 多层次
inevitable /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/ adj. 不可避免的

【精选句型】
1. As the number of elderly people continues to increase, population aging continues to deepen, posing serious challenges to society.（指出人口老龄化的问题）
随着老年人数量的不断增加，人口老龄化继续加深，给社会带来了严峻的挑战。
2. People’s use of health services increases significantly in later life, leading to an increase in the public resources required for pensions, health, and residential care expenditure.（人口老龄化造成社会负担）
人们在晚年对医疗服务的使用明显增加，导致了养老金、医疗和住宅护理支出所需的公共资源增加。
3. To start with, the social security and pension insurance system should be improved, especially in rural areas, which will help to reduce the burden on working families.（应对人口老龄化的措施）
首先，要完善社会保障和养老保险制度，特别是在农村地区，这有助于减轻劳动家庭负担。

【全文翻译】

如今，人口老龄化已成为一种全球现象，中国也加入了这一行列。据统计，到2021年底，我国60岁及以上的老年人口达到了2.67亿，占总人口的18.9%。这意味着与前十年相比增加了2.51个百分点。随着老年人数量的不断增加，人口老龄化继续加深，给社会带来了严峻的挑战。
首先，人口老龄化将导致劳动生产率和经济增长的下降。一旦经济活动人口呈现老龄化趋势，劳动力的质量将不可避免地下降，最终国民收入将下降。其次，人口老龄化将导致社会负担的增加。人们在晚年对医疗服务的使用明显增加，导致了养老金、医疗和住宅护理支出所需的公共资源增加。我们能做的是积极应对这一现象。首先，要完善社会保障和养老保险制度，特别是在农村地区，这有助于减轻劳动家庭负担。另外，要把重点放在发展养老服务上，满足老年人多层次需求，有利于全面提高老年人生活质量。
总之，人口老龄化已不可避免，因此，我们必须认识到它对我们的生活和社会所带来的挑战，并努力制定有效的策略来减少其负面影响。