Clothes play a critical role in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood and social outlook.
Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate people’s impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person’s education, background, or interest.
People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfit, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.
In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won’t set a job.”
1. According to the second paragraph, an elderly middle-class man and an unconventionally-dressed young man may be unable to __________.
2. The author uses the newscasters’ example to illustrate the idea that __________.
3. Men’s professional clothing can best be described as __________.
4. What can women do with their professional clothing according to the passage?
5. What is the best title for the passage?
问题1选项
A.understand each other’s lifestyle
B.share the same background or interests
C.manipulate their impression on each other
D.enter the initial phase of a potential interaction
问题2选项
A.certain clothing gives people more confidence
B.clothes have nothing to do with one’s abilities
C.we tend to stereotype people by their clothes
D.competent people are dressed conventionally
问题3选项
A.conventional
B.individualistic
C.out-of-date
D.undiversified
问题4选项
A.They must be dressed conservatively.
B.They don’t have an explicit dressing style to follow.
C.They choose either masculine or feminine clothing.
D.They can’t wear unconventional outfit.
问题5选项
A.Dressing and the Effect.
B.Dressing and Personality.
C.Dressing up Appropriately.
D.Dressing and Management.
第1题:C
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:A
第5题:A
第1题:
【选项释义】
According to the second paragraph, an elderly middle-class man and an unconventionally-dressed young man may be unable to ________. 根据第二段,一个上了年纪的中产阶级男子和一个穿着不合常规的年轻人可能无法________。
A. understand each other’s lifestyle A. 理解对方的生活方式
B. share the same background or interests B. 有共同的背景和兴趣爱好
C. manipulate their impression on each other C. 控制他们对彼此的印象
D. enter the initial phase of a potential interaction D. 进入潜在互动的最初阶段
【答案】C
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干中信息词elderly middle-class man定位到第二段第三句,该处讲到“一个上了年纪的中产阶级男人或女人可能会被一个穿着不合常规的年轻人疏远(be alienated),不管这个人的教育、背景或兴趣(regardless of the person’s education, background, or interest)。”,可知如果两个人穿衣风格差别很大,无论对方的教育、背景等方面是怎样的,都不会相互吸引,自己不能有意识地控制对别人的印象。因此C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“理解对方的生活方式”:这里没有提到理解对方的生活方式,属于无中生有;
B选项“有共同的背景和兴趣爱好”:这里说的是不论背景和兴趣爱好是什么,是否一致,只要穿衣风格不一致,就不会相互吸引,而不是说只要穿衣风格不同,兴趣爱好就不同,属于偷换概念;
D选项“进入潜在互动的最初阶段”:对应第二段第二句“我们的外表在可能的相互作用的最初阶段(particular significance in the initial phases of interaction)具有特殊意义。”,这里指的是人们会根据对方的穿着来形成对别人相应的印象,这是潜在的意识相互交流,属于反向干扰。
第2题:
【选项释义】
The author uses the newscasters’ example to illustrate the idea that ________. 作者用新闻广播员的例子来表明________的看法。
A. certain clothing gives people more confidence A. 某些服装会让人更有自信
B. clothes have nothing to do with one’s abilities B. 衣服与一个人的能力无关
C. we tend to stereotype people by their clothes C. 我们倾向于通过人们的衣着来对他们形成刻板印象
D. competent people are dressed conventionally D. 有能力的人穿着传统
【答案】C
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干中信息词newscaster定位到第三段第一句和第三句,该处讲到“人们往往对特定类型的衣服表达的意思达成一致(agree on what certain types of clothes mean)……人们认为,新闻播音员(Newscasters)如果穿着保守(when they are dressed conservatively),就会更有说服力、更诚实、更有能力(convincing honest, and competent)。”,第一句的观点是主题句,通过新闻播音员的例子证明第一句的观点,也就是人们会通过衣着形成对别人的印象。因此C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“某些服装会让人更有自信”:对应第三段最后一句“也许当你预期将面临压力时,比如工作面试或出庭,你会通过穿衣服来获得自信(used clothing to gain confidence)。”,这里说的不是新闻播音员,而是面试的时候,属于偷换概念;
B选项“衣服与一个人的能力无关”:文中没有提到,属于无中生有;
D选项“有能力的人穿着传统”:根据解题思路,可知文章不是在表达这个意思,属于曲解原文。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Men’s professional clothing can best be described as ________. 男士职业装用________来形容最恰当。
A. conventional A. 传统
B. individualistic B. 个人主义
C. out-of-date C. 过时
D. undiversified D. 单一
【答案】A
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干中信息词Men’s professional定位到第四段第一句,该处讲到“长期以来,男性在职场中都有成功的先例和榜样(long had well-defined precedents and role models)。”,这里的先例和榜样指的是在职业服装上的,也就是说,男士职业装有传统的风格。因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“个人主义”,C选项“过时”和D选项“单一”:文中没有提到,属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
What can women do with their professional clothing according to the passage? 根据这篇文章,女性可以如何处理她们的职业装?
A. They must be dressed conservatively. A. 她们必须穿着保守。
B. They don’t have an explicit dressing style to follow. B. 她们没有明确的穿衣风格可以遵循。
C. They choose either masculine or feminine clothing. C. 她们选择男性或女性服装。
D. They can’t wear unconventional outfit. D. 她们不能穿非传统的服装。
【答案】A
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干中信息词women do with their professional clothing定位到第四段第三句,该处讲到“当女性的打扮不那么‘女性化’时(when the women display less feminine),短发、妆容适度、衣着朴素,对于管理职位,男性管理者往往更青睐女性。”,可知当女性穿着不那么女性,而是保守穿着时,对职业发展更有好处。因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“她们没有明确的穿衣风格可以遵循”:根据解题思路,可知对于女性来说,保守的穿衣风格比较适合职业装,不是没有明确的穿衣风格可以遵循,属于反向干扰;
C选项“她们选择男性或女性服装”:对应第四段第三句“很多商界女性不确定(are uncertain about),她们应该怎样在职业着装中传达出‘男性化’和‘女性化’的恰当结合。”,女性不知如何结合自己职业装中的男性化风格和女性化风格,这里指出的是困扰,而不是建议,属于偷换概念;
D选项“她们不能穿非传统的服装”:文中没有提到,属于无中生有。
第5题:
【选项释义】
What is the best title for the passage? 这篇文章最好的标题是什么?
A. Dressing and the Effect. A. 着装和影响。
B. Dressing and Personality. B. 着装和个性。
C. Dressing up Appropriately. C. 穿着得体。
D. Dressing and Management. D. 着装和管理。
【答案】A
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】文章第一段指出衣服可以提供很多信息(providing clues);第二段指出穿衣风格影响我们对别人的印象(manipulate people’s impression),并且在第三段给出具体的例子;第四段指出男性在职场中有明确的穿衣风格,然而女性没有,并且指出在职场中女性应该怎样穿衣服,以获得职业上的更好发展。综上所述,本文讲述人们通过着装可以看到很多信息,着装通过传达的信息留给别人不同的印象,甚至影响职业发展。因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“着装和个性”:文中没有提到着装和个性的关系,属于无中生有;
C选项“穿着得体”:文中没有提到怎样是得体的穿着,属于无中生有;
D选项“着装和管理”:着装和管理的关系是第四段的内容,不足以概括全文,属于以偏概全。
【文章来源】1997年英语六级真题
【参考译文】
衣服在我们得出的结论中扮演着重要的角色,它提供了人们是谁、他们不是谁以及他们想成为谁的线索。它们能告诉我们穿着者的很多信息,包括背景、个性、地位、情绪和社会前景。
由于衣服是社会信息的重要来源,我们可以利用它们来操纵人们对我们的印象。在可能发生的最初阶段的互动中,我们的外表具有特别的意义。一个上了年纪的中产阶级的男人或女人可能会被一个穿着非常规的年轻人疏远,不管这个人的教育程度、背景或兴趣如何。
人们倾向于对某些类型的衣服意味着什么达成一致。青春期的女孩很容易对穿着特定服装的女孩的生活方式达成一致,包括她们可能交过的男朋友的数量,以及她们是否吸烟或喝酒。新闻播音员,或者在电视上播报新闻的播音员,如果穿着保守,人们会认为他们更有说服力、诚实、有能力。认为自己在人际关系中扮演积极角色的大学生表示,他们很关心要成功扮演好这些角色所必须穿的服装。此外,我们中的许多人都能举出这样的例子:我们穿的衣服改变了我们对自己的感觉和行为方式。也许当你预料到一个有压力的情况,比如工作面试或出庭时,你会通过服装来获得信心。
在工作中,男性长期以来都有获得成功的明确定义的先例和榜样。而女性的情况则不然。许多商界女性不确定她们的职业服装应该怎样传达出“男性化”和“女性化”的适当结合。女性可选择的服装种类也比男性多。当女性的打扮不那么“女性化”,短发,适度化妆,衣着朴素时,男性管理者往往会对担任管理职务的女性做出更友好的评价。一位男性管理人员坦言:“一个有魅力的女性肯定会获得更长的面试时间,但她不会得到一份工作。”