A Chinese study found that antibiotics can help prevent stomach cancer in people who carry a common strain of bacteria known to cause ulcers. The study adds to the already strong evidence that Helicobacter pylori bacteria can cause stomach cancer, a disease especially prevalent in Asia but far less common in the United States. Still, experts said the findings do not solve the dilemma of whether and how to treat carriers of the bacteria.
The study involved 1,630 men and women from Fujian Province in southern China. All were carriers of H. pylori; hundreds of them already had precancerous lesions (癌变) at the outset of the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive two weeks of treatment with antibiotics and an anti-ulcer drug, or a dummy medicine, and were followed for 7 years and a half after that. Among the 988 patients without precancerous lesions at the outset, none on the treatment got stomach cancer, compared with six in the placebo group.
The findings among those with precancerous lesions were not as clear-cut: Seven in the treatment group developed stomach cancer, versus 11 in the placebo group. The study appears in Wednesday’s Journal of the American Medical Association. H. pylori is estimated to affect as many as 90 percent of people in some developing nations and up to 50 percent of people in some industrialized countries, according to the World Health Organization. Chronic H. pylori is thought to cause stomach cancer, and doctors have come to believe since the early 1980s that it is the No. 1 cause of ulcers.
The findings suggest that doctors should consider routine screening for such lesions in H. pylori patients in high-incidence areas, and treating the infections in patients with no precancerous lesions, said the authors, led by Benjamin Chun-Yu Wong of the University of Hong Kong.
Dr. Michael Brown, a gastroenterologist at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, said routine H. pylori screening would not be cost-effective in the United States because the rates of infection and cancer are so low.
1. According to the passage, experts in the Chinese study mentioned in the passage are still not ____.
2. Among people who developed cancer in the study, proportion of patients in the treatment group to patients in the placebo group is ____.
3. In the study, what medicine did the placebo group take during the two-week treatment?
4. How many patients in the study already had precancerous lesions at the outset of the study?
5. The findings of the study propose that ____.
问题1选项
A.whether Helicobacter pylori bacteria can cause stomach cancer
B.whether stomach cancer is more prevalent in Asia
C.whether to treat all carriers of Helicobacter pylori bacteria
D.whether Helicobacter pylori bacteria can cause stomach ulcer
问题2选项
A.64%
B.50%
C.90%
D.39%
问题3选项
A.Antibiotics.
B.A dummy medicine.
C.An anti-cancer medicine.
D.Medicine for the precancerous.
问题4选项
A.1467.
B.988.
C.815.
D.642.
问题5选项
A.H. pylori patients in high-incidence areas should be screened and treated
B.patients with precancerous lesions are not as easily cured as those without
C.treatment should be given to H. pylori patients without precancerous lesions
D.treatment should not be given to H. pylori patients with precancerous lesions
第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:D
第5题:C
第1题:
【选项释义】
According to the passage, experts in the Chinese study mentioned in the passage are still not sure ________. 根据文章,文中提到的中国研究专家仍然不确定________。
A. whether Helicobacter pylori bacteria can cause stomach cancer A. 幽门螺杆菌是否会导致胃癌
B. whether stomach cancer is more prevalent in Asia B. 胃癌是否在亚洲更为普遍
C. whether to treat all carriers of Helicobacter pylori bacteria C. 是否治疗所有的幽门螺杆菌携带者
D. whether Helicobacter pylori bacteria can cause stomach ulcer D. 幽门螺杆菌是否会引起胃溃疡
【答案】C
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】文章第一段最后一句讲“不过,专家表示,这些发现并没有解决是否治疗以及如何治疗这种细菌携带者的难题。”这里的“细菌”指的就是幽门螺杆菌,也就是说“不确定是否治疗以及如何治疗幽门螺杆菌携带者”,故选项C正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项定位到第一段第二句“这项研究为幽门螺杆菌能导致胃癌提供了更有力的证据……”,由此可知,幽门螺杆菌能导致胃癌是确定的,属于反向干扰;
B选项定位到第一段第二句“这项研究为幽门螺杆菌能导致胃癌提供了更有力的证据,这种疾病在亚洲特别普遍,但在美国却远没有那么常见”,由此可知,“胃癌在亚洲更为普遍”也是确定的,属于反向干扰;
D选项定位到第一段第一句“中国的一项研究发现,抗生素有助于预防携带常见致溃疡细菌的人患胃癌”,由此可知,“幽门螺杆菌会引起胃溃疡”也是确定的,属于反向干扰。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Among people who developed cancer in the study, proportion of patients in the treatment group to patients in the placebo group is ________. 在参与研究的癌症患者中,治疗组患者与安慰剂组患者的比例为________。
A. 64% A. 64%
B. 50% B. 50%
C. 90% C. 90%
D. 39% D. 39%
【答案】A
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】结合文章第二段和第三段的内容可知,参与研究的1630人中,有988名患者没有癌前病变,剩下的人都有癌前病变。第三段第一句讲“癌前病变患者的研究结果并不明确:治疗组(the treatment group)有7人患胃癌,安慰剂组(the placebo group)有11人”,由此可知,安慰剂组患者的比例为:7÷11=0.64,故选项A正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“50%”、C选项“90%”和D选项“39%”均不符合题意,属于无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
In the study, what medicine did the placebo group take during the two-week treatment? 在这项研究中,安慰剂组在两周的治疗期间服用了什么药物?
A. Antibiotics. A. 抗生素。
B. A dummy medicine. B. 模拟药物。
C. An anti-cancer medicine. C. 抗癌药物。
D. Medicine for the precancerous. D. 治疗癌前病变的药物。
【答案】B
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】文章第二段讲“患者被随机分配接受两周的抗生素(antibiotics)和抗溃疡药物治疗,或一种虚拟药物(an anti-ulcer drug, or a dummy medicine),并在那之后随访7年半”,由此可知,治疗组患者服用的是抗生素,安慰剂组患者服用的是抗溃疡药物治疗,或一种虚拟药物,故选项B正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“抗生素”是治疗组患者服用的药物,属于张冠李戴;
C选项“抗癌药物”和D选项“治疗癌前病变的药物”原文没有提及,属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
How many patients in the study already had precancerous lesions at the outset of the study? 研究中有多少患者在研究开始时已经有癌前病变?
A. 1467 A. 1467
B. 988 B. 988
C. 815 C. 815
D. 642 D. 642
【答案】D
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】文章第二段第一句讲“这项研究涉及中国南方福建省的1630名男性和女性”,同时最后一句提到“在开始治疗时没有癌前病变的988名患者中……”,由此可知,已经有癌前病变的患者人数要用总人数1630减去没有癌前病变的988,即642,正确答案为选项D。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“1467”和C选项“815”文章没有提及,属于无中生有;
B选项“988”是没有癌前病变患者的认识,属于张冠李戴。
第5题:
【选项释义】
The findings of the study propose that ________. 研究结果表明________。
A. H. pylori patients in high-incidence areas should be screened and treated A. 对高发地区的幽门螺杆菌患者进行筛查和治疗
B. patients with precancerous lesions are not as easily cured as those without B. 癌前病变的病人不像没有癌前病变的病人那样容易治愈
C. treatment should be given to H. pylori patients without precancerous lesions C. 对于没有癌前病变的幽门螺杆菌患者应给予治疗
D. treatment should not be given to H. pylori patients with precancerous lesions D. 对于有癌前病变的幽门螺杆菌患者不应给予治疗
【答案】C
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】文章倒数第二段讲“香港大学的黄振宇领导了这项研究,他说,研究结果表明,医生应该考虑对高发地区的幽门螺杆菌患者进行常规筛查,对没有癌前病变的患者进行感染治疗。(doctors should consider routine screening for such lesions in H. pylori patients in high-incidence areas, and treating the infections in patients with no precancerous lesions)”,由此可知,C选项“对于没有癌前病变的幽门螺杆菌患者应给予治疗”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“对高发地区的幽门螺杆菌患者进行筛查和治疗”与原文“对高发地区的幽门螺杆菌患者进行常规筛查”不相符,原文只说了进行常规筛查,属于曲解原文;
B选项“癌前病变的病人不像没有癌前病变的病人那样容易治愈”文章没有提及,属于无中生有;
D选项“对于有癌前病变的幽门螺杆菌患者不应给予治疗”文章也没有提及,属于无中生有。
【文章来源】GoUpstate网站2004
【参考译文】
中国的一项研究发现,对于携带一种已知会导致溃疡的常见细菌的人,抗生素有助于预防胃癌。这项研究进一步有力地证明,幽门螺旋杆菌会导致胃癌,这种疾病在亚洲特别流行,但在美国远没有那么常见。尽管如此,专家们表示,这些发现并没有解决是否以及如何治疗该细菌携带者的难题。
这项研究涉及1630名来自中国南部福建省的男性和女性。均为幽门螺旋杆菌携带者;在研究开始时,其中数百人已经有癌前病变。患者被随机分配接受两周的抗生素和抗溃疡药物治疗,或虚拟药物,并在此之后进行了7年半的跟踪调查。在988名一开始没有癌前病变的患者中,与安慰剂组的6人相比,接受治疗的患者中没有人患上胃癌。
对于癌前病变患者的研究结果并不明确:治疗组有7人患胃癌,而安慰剂组有11人。这项研究发表在周三的《美国医学会杂志》上。据世界卫生组织估计,幽门螺旋杆菌在一些发展中国家影响了多达90%的人,在一些工业化国家影响了多达50%的人。慢性幽门螺旋杆菌被认为是导致胃癌的原因,自20世纪80年代初以来,医生们开始相信它是导致溃疡的首要原因。
香港大学的王俊宇领导的研究报告称,研究结果表明,医生应该考虑对高发地区的幽门螺旋杆菌患者进行常规筛查,并对没有癌前病变的患者进行治疗。
芝加哥拉什大学医学中心的胃肠病学家迈克尔•布朗博士说,在美国,常规的幽门螺旋杆菌筛查并不划算,因为感染率和癌症发病率都很低。