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New research from Harvard Medical School and University of California, San Diego suggests that happiness is influenced not only by the people you know but by the people we don’t know.
The study showed that happiness spreads through social networks, sort of like a virus, meaning that your happiness could influence the happiness of someone you’ve never met.
“We have known for a long time that there is a direct relationship between one person’s happiness and another’s,” Fowler tells WebMD.
“But this study shows that indirect relationships also affect happiness. We found a statistical relationship not just between your happiness and your friend’s happiness, but between your happiness and your friends’ friends’ friends’ happiness.”
Fowler and Harvard social scientists Nicholas Christakis, have been studying social networks for several years. Last year the pair made headlines when they reported that obesity seems to spread through social groups, so that your chances of becoming overweight are greater when your friends and their friends gain weight.
A related study, published earlier this year, found that smokers were more likely to give up cigarettes when their family, friends, and other social contacts stopped smoking.
Their latest research was designed to determine whether happiness spreads through social media networks in a similar way.
The researchers recreated the social networks of 4,739 participants whose happiness was measured from 1983 to 2003. Important family changes for each participant—such as a birth, death, marriage, or divorce—were also recorded. The participants were also asked to name family members, close friends, coworkers, and neighbors.
After the researchers identified more than 50,000 social and family ties and analyzed the spread of happiness through the group, they concluded that the happiness of an immediate social contact increased an individual’s chances of becoming happy by 15%.
The happiness of a second-degree contact, such as the spouse of a friend, increases the likeliness of becoming happy by 10% and the happiness of a third degree contact—or the friend of a friend of a friend—increases the likelihood of becoming happy by 6%. The association was not seen in fourth-degree contacts.
Having more friends also increased happiness, but having friends who were happy was a much bigger influence on happiness.
Fowler says the findings do not mean you should avoid unhappy people, but that you should make an effort whenever you can to spread happiness.
1. What is the possible meaning of the underlined word obesity in Paragraph 5?
2. Which of the following social contacts of a person is fourth-degree?
3. Which social contact is the contact whose happiness has the greatest influence on a person?
4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
5. The most appropriate title for this article should be ______.

问题1选项
A.Bad habit.
B.Disease.
C.Gaining weight.
D.Being very fat.
问题2选项
A.His wife’s friends’ friends’ friends.
B.His friends’ friends’ friends.
C.His child’s teacher’s friends.
D.His wife.
问题3选项
A.Immediate.
B.Second-degree.
C.Third-degree.
D.Fourth-degree.
问题4选项
A.The researchers found certain relationship between a person’s happiness and his fourth-degree contact’s happiness.
B.Having friends who are happy is even more important than having more friends if one wants to be happy.
C.The findings of the study imply that one shall try to avoid contacts with unhappy people.
D.Your happiness could only influence the happiness of someone you’ve met.
问题5选项
A.The More Friends We Have, the Happier We Are
B.Happiness is Contagious
C.Relationships Affect Happiness
D.Spread Happiness Whenever We can
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