A panic is a form of collective behavior in which a group of people, faced with an immediate threat, react in an uncoordinated and irrational way. Their behavior is uncoordinated in the sense that cooperative social relationships break down. It is irrational in the sense that people’s actions are not appropriate for the goals they wish to achieve.
The progress of a panic follows a fairly typical course. A sudden crisis occurs; people experience intense fear; normal social expectations are broken; each individual tries desperately to escape from the source danger; mutual cooperation breaks down; and the situation becomes even more threatening as a result. Panics are especially likely to occur in unusual conditions in which everyday-norms have little relevance, such as fires, floods, earthquakes, or military invasions. Some kind of response is necessary in these situations, but there are few social norms that specify an appropriate reaction. Thus, when a passenger aircraft makes a crash landing, people may attempt to flee before fire breaks out and causes an explosion, but they only succeed in stopping themselves and others by creating bottlenecks at the exits. Awareness of the bottlenecks may lead to increased panic, with people fighting and trampling one another in the effort to escape. Despite intensive training of airline personnel in emergency evacuation procedures, a high proportion of passenger deaths are caused by a panic that prevents people from escaping in time.
The most dramatic panics are those that occur in situations of extreme emergency, but not all panics are quite so frantic or short-lived. A different form of this collective behavior is the financial panic, which is typically provoked by rumor that the price of stocks will fall or that a bank will be unable to repay its depositors. The classic example, of course, occurred at the outset of the Great Depression in 1929: As in other forms of panic, the individuals involved tried to protect their own interests, and in so doing they worsened the situation for themselves and everyone else. By trying to sell their stocks as quickly as possible, people ensured that the price of stocks did foil; by demanding their money back from banks, they ensured that the banks actually did collapse.
1. According to the passage, people in a panic react ____.
2. Which of the following statement about panic is true?
3. What happened in the financial panic at the outset of the Great Depression in 1929 was that ____.
4. According to the passage, a financial panic ____.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that without a panic ____.
问题1选项
A.in such a way that there is no cooperation and that normal thinking is absent
B.in such a way that there is cooperation but no appropriate thinking
C.violently and cruelly
D.calmly and appropriately
问题2选项
A.The progress of a panic is unpredictable.
B.The progress of a panic is predictable.
C.Panics are especially likely to occur in unusual conditions.
D.Panics are especially likely to occur in conditions people are familiar with.
问题3选项
A.people went panic and broke into the banks
B.people went panic and bought stocks to protect their interests
C.people tried to protect their interests by selling their stocks and demanding their money back from banks
D.a lot of people went panic and died
问题4选项
A.is usually caused by an economic depression
B.is usually caused by wars and natural disasters
C.normally leads to some political changes
D.is usually caused by rumors about the fall of stock prices and the possible breakdown of banks
问题5选项
A.the number of possible deaths can be reduced in an emergency landing
B.the Great Depression in 1929 would not have happened
C.there would be no fires, floods, earthquakes, or military invasions
D.there would be no unusual conditions
第1题:A
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:A
第1题:
【选项释义】
According to the passage, people in a panic react ____. 根据文章，人们在恐慌的时候反应____。
A. in such a way that there is no cooperation and that normal thinking is absent. A. 以这样一种方式，没有合作，正常的思维是不存在的
B. in such a way that there is cooperation but no appropriate thinking B. 以这样一种方式，有合作，但没有适当的思考
C. violently and cruelly C. 激烈地和残酷地
D. calmly and appropriately D. 平静地和适当地
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据题干关键词panic和react定位到第一段的第一、二句话，其中react in an irrational way（以非理性的方式做出反应。）和cooperative social relationships break down（合作的社会关系破裂）对应A选项的normal thinking is absent和no cooperation，故A选项为正确答案。
【干扰项排除】
B选项称有合作，与原文信息相反，属于反向干扰；
C、D选项在文中没有提及，属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Which of the following statement about panic is true? 下面关于恐慌的陈述哪个是正确的？
A. The progress of a panic is unpredictable. A. 恐慌的过程是不可预测的。
B. The progress of a panic is predictable. B. 恐慌的过程是可以预见的。
C. Panics are especially likely to occur in unusual conditions. C. 在不寻常的情况下，恐慌尤其容易发生。
D. Panics are especially likely to occur in conditions people are familiar with. D. 恐慌尤其可能发生在人们熟悉的环境中。
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】第二段的第一句：The progress of a panic follows a fairly typical course.（恐慌的进展遵循一个相当典型的过程）和B选项可以视作同义替换，后文也介绍了具体的过程：A sudden crisis occurs; people experience intense fear; normal social expectations are broken; each individual tries desperately to escape from the source danger; mutual cooperation breaks down; and the situation becomes even more threatening as a result.（突然发生危机；人们经历强烈的恐惧；正常的社会期望被打破；每个人都拼命地试图逃离危险的源头；相互合作破裂；结果情况变得更加危险。）证明panic的过程是可以预测的。
【干扰项排除】
A选项根据解析中引用的句子可知，与选项信息相反，属于反向干扰；
C选项在文章中的信息是：Panics are especially likely to occur in unusual conditions in which everyday—norms have little relevance, such as fires, floods, earthquakes, or military invasions.（恐慌尤其可能发生在日常规范与之无关的异常情况下，如火灾、洪水、地震或军事入侵。）虽然选项内容与选文的前半句能对应上，但选项忽视了选文对unusual conditions的限定，这种不寻常的情况是脱离日常规范的，但选项并没有提到，因此与日常相关的不常见的情况也可以被归为在内，与原文信息不符，属于断章取义，曲解原文了；
D选项，根据C选项的分析可知，该选项属于反向干扰。
第3题:
【选项释义】
What happened in the financial panic at the outset of the Great Depression in 1929 was that ____. 1929年大萧条（Great Depression）开始时的金融恐慌中发生的事情是____。
A. people went panic and broke into the banks A. 人们惊慌失措，闯入银行
B. people went panic and bought stocks to protect their interests B. 人们开始恐慌，购买股票以保护自己的利益
C. people tried to protect their interests by selling their stocks and demanding their money back from banks C. 人们试图通过出售股票和向银行要求退款来保护自己的利益
D. a lot of people went panic and died D. 很多人恐慌并去世了
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据题干Great Depression in 1929定位到最后一段的倒数两句话，其中最后一句话By trying to sell their stocks as quickly as possible, people ensured that the price of, stocks did foil; by demanding their money back from banks, they ensured that the banks actually did collapse.（通过尽可能快地卖出股票，人们确保了股票的价格能够抵消；通过向银行要回他们的钱，他们确保了银行真的会倒闭。）与C选项信息一致，故C选项是正确答案。
【干扰项排除】
A、D选项在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
B选项根据解析可知，属于反向干扰。
第4题:
【选项释义】
According to the passage, a financial panic ____. 根据文章，金融恐慌____。
A. is usually caused by an economic depression A. 通常是由经济萧条引起的
B. is usually caused by wars and natural disasters B. 通常是由战争和自然灾害造成的
C. normally leads to some political changes C. 通常会导致一些政治变化
D. is usually caused by rumors about the fall of stock prices and the possible breakdown of banks D. 通常是由于股价下跌和银行可能倒闭的谣言引起的
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据题干关键词financial panic定位到最后一段第二句A different form of this collective behavior is the financial panic, which is typically provoked by rumor that the price of stocks will fall or that a bank will be unable to repay its depositors.（这种集体行为的另一种形式是金融恐慌，这种恐慌通常是由股票价格将下跌或银行将无法偿还存款人的谣言引发的。）可知D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项在文中没有提及，属于无中生有。
第5题:
【选项释义】
It can be inferred from the passage that without a panic ____. 从文章中可以推断出没有恐慌____。
A. the number of possible deaths can be reduced in an emergency landing A. 在紧急着陆时，可能的死亡人数可以减少
B. the Great Depression in 1929 would not have happened B. 1929年的大萧条就不会发生
C. there would be no fires, floods, earthquakes, or military invasions C. 不会有火灾、洪水、地震或军事入侵
D. there would be no unusual conditions D. 不会有不寻常的情况
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句Despite intensive training of airline personnel in emergency evacuation procedures, a high proportion of passenger deaths are caused by a panic that prevents people from escaping in time.（尽管对航空公司人员进行了紧急疏散程序方面的密集培训，但仍有很大比例的乘客死亡是由于恐慌导致的，这种恐慌阻碍了人们及时逃离。）可知，恐慌导致了大量的乘客死亡，如果没有恐慌，那么在紧急着陆时，死亡人数就会减少。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项提及的内容都是恐慌的来源，没有恐慌它们仍然是会发生的，是不可抗力的，该三项属于曲解原文。
