Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewed biologically, the modern footballer is in reality a member of a hunting group. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey.
To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look back at our forefathers. They spent over a million years evolving as cooperative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies became greatly changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They cooperated as skillful male-group attackers.
Then about ten thousand years ago, after this immensely long period of hunting their food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, was put to a new use—that of controlling and domesticating their prey. The hunt became suddenly out of date. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for survival.
The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new outlets. Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity. This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences, but the aim of the operation, was no longer to avoid starvation. Instead the sportsmen set off to test their skill against prey that were no longer essential to their survival. To be sure, the kill may have been eaten, but there were other, much simpler ways of obtaining a meaty meal.
1. The author believes that sporting activities ____.
2. In a football game, what is equal to the prey in hunting is ____.
3. For over a million years, our forefathers were basically ____.
4. The word “operation” (Para.4) refers to ____.
5. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?
问题1选项
A.are forms of biological development
B.are essentially forms of taming the prey
C.have actually developed from hunting
D.have changed the ways of hunting
问题2选项
A.the football
B.the goal keeper
C.the goal-mouth
D.any member of the opposing team
问题3选项
A.successful farmers
B.co-operating hunters
C.runners and jumpers
D.skillful sportsmen
问题4选项
A.hunting
B.prey killing
C.domesticating animals
D.sports activities
问题5选项
A.Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern man to exercise hunting skills which his forefathers developed for survival.
B.It is hunting that provides human beings with simpler ways of obtaining meaty meals.
C.Farming is very important in human civilization because it saves human being from risks and uncertainties of hunting for survival.
D.It is farming that gives human beings enough leisure time for sporting activities.
第1题:C
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:A
第5题:A
第1题:
【选项释义】
The author believes that sporting activities ____. 作者认为体育活动____。
A. are forms of biological development A. 是生物发展的形式
B. are essentially forms of taming the prey B. 本质上是驯服猎物的形式
C. have actually developed from hunting C. 实际上是从狩猎发展而来的
D. have changed the ways of hunting D. 改变了狩猎的方式
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词“体育活动”定位到第一段第一句“体育活动（Sporting activities）本质上是狩猎行为（hunting behavior）的改良形式。”可知体育活动是从狩猎发展而来的，C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项原文未涉及，无中生有；
B选项原文未涉及，无中生有；
D选项原文未涉及，无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
In a football game, what is equal to the prey in hunting is ____. 在足球比赛中，在狩猎中等于猎物的是____。
A. the football A. 足球
B. the goal keeper B. 守门员
C. the goal-mouth C. 进球口
D. any member of the opposing team D. 对手的任何成员
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位到原文第一段第二、三句“从生物学角度来看，现代足球运动员实际上是一个狩猎群体的成员。他的杀人武器变成了一个无害的足球，他的猎物（his prey）变成了进球口（a goal-mouth）。”可知C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项定位到原文第一段第二、三句“从生物学角度来看，现代足球运动员实际上是一个狩猎群体的成员。他的杀人武器（killing weapon）变成了一个无害的足球（football），他的猎物变成了进球口。”可知本选项张冠李戴；
B选项原文未涉及，无中生有；
D选项原文未涉及，无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
For over a million years, our forefathers were basically ____. 一百多万年以来，我们的祖先基本上是____。
A. successful farmers A. 成功的农民
B. co-operating hunters B. 合作猎人
C. runners and jumpers C. 奔跑者和跳跃者
D. skillful sportsmen D. 娴熟的运动员
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词“一百多万年以来”定位到原文第二段第一、二句“要理解这一转变是如何发生的，我们必须简要回顾一下我们的祖先。他们花了一百多万年的时间发展成为合作猎人（cooperative hunters）。”可知一百多万年以来，我们的祖先基本上都是合作猎人，因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项定位到第三段第一句“大约一万年前（ten thousand years ago），在漫长的狩猎期之后，他们（指祖先）成为了农民（farmers）。”可知原文提到了祖先变成了农民，但是时间点是大约一万年前，本选项张冠李戴；
C选项定位到第二段第五句“他们成为追逐者、跑步者（runners）、跳投者（jumpers）、瞄准者、投掷者和猎物杀手。”可知本选项概括不完全，属于以偏概全；
D选项原文未涉及，无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
The word “operation” (Para.4) refers to ____. “operation”一词（第4段）指的是____。
A. hunting A. 狩猎
B. prey killing B. 杀死猎物
C. domesticating animals C. 驯养动物
D. sports activities D. 体育活动
【考查点】词义推测题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词定位到第四段第三句“这项新活动涉及所有原始狩猎序列，但行动（operation）的目的不再是为了避免饥饿。”，再结合前文“为娱乐而狩猎（Hunting for sport）取代了为生活必需品而狩猎。”可知第三句中operation指代新活动，而新活动在原文中表示为娱乐而狩猎，核心仍然是狩猎，因此A选项符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
B选项原文未涉及，无中生有；
C选项定位到原文第三段第二句“他们不断提高的智力，对他们过去的狩猎生活至关重要，被用于新的用途——控制和驯养（controlling and domesticating）他们的猎物。”可知驯养动物是在第三段的内容，和第四段单词operation所指含义无关，属于张冠李戴；
D选项根据解题思路，以及定位到原文最后一段倒数第二句“相反，运动员们（sportsmen）开始测试他们对付猎物的技能，而这些猎物对他们的生存已经不再重要。”，虽然提及了“运动（sport）”和“运动员（sportsmen）”，但是结合全文可知此处是一个引申的用法，并不是说他们真的在参加体育运动，而是暗示在人类进化的过程中，体育运动是从狩猎行为发展而来的，本选项属于曲解原文。
第5题:
【选项释义】
Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage? 下列哪项最能概括文章的主旨？
A. Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern man to exercise hunting skills which his forefathers developed for survival. A. 体育活动满足了现代人锻炼祖先为生存而发展的狩猎技能的愿望。
B. It is hunting that provides human beings with simpler ways of obtaining meaty meals. B. 正是狩猎为人类提供了更简单的获取肉类的方法。
C. Farming is very important in human civilization because it saves human being from risks and uncertainties of hunting for survival. C. 农业在人类文明中是非常重要的，因为它使人类免受狩猎生存的风险和不确定性。
D. It is farming that gives human beings enough leisure time for sporting activities. D. 农业给了人类足够的闲暇时间进行体育活动。
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】原文第一段第一句点名文章主旨“体育活动（Sporting activities）本质上是狩猎行为的改良形式。”，说明作者的观点如此，接下来二、三段都是在回顾为何狩猎行动转变为了体育运动，第四段第一、二句再次点名主旨“然而，狩猎的技能和渴望仍然存在，需要新的出路。为娱乐而狩猎（Hunting for sport）取代了为生活必需品而狩猎。”，说明为了满足狩猎的技能和渴望，发展出了体育运动，因此A选项最能概括全文。
【干扰项排除】
B选项定位到第三段“他们不断提高的智力，对他们过去的狩猎生活至关重要，被用于新的用途——控制和驯养他们的猎物。狩猎突然变得过时了（The hunt became suddenly out of date）。食物就在农场里，等待着他们的需要。狩猎的风险和不确定性不再是生存的必要条件。”可知狩猎并不是为人类提供了更简单的获取肉类的方法，本选项和原文思路相悖，属于反向干扰；
C选项定位到第三段“大约一万年前，经过漫长的捕猎，他们成为了农民……食物就在农场里，等待着他们的需要。狩猎的风险和不确定性不再是生存的必要条件。”可知本选项的含义和原文暗藏的逻辑相同，但是有关农业的内容主要集中在第三段，没有概括全文，不属于全文的主旨，以偏概全；
D选项原文未涉及，属于无中生有。
