In Africa we experience enormous problems of underdevelopment, illiteracy, massive internal and external debts, the population explosion, high mortality rates（死亡率），etc. All these and similar problems have been known for a long time and need no restatement. What needs to be stated is that while the larger society to which one belongs is suffering from these mentioned problems, there is no way enjoyment of individual freedom and human rights will lead to self-fulfillment, to full self-realization, to a life of dignity（尊严）and self-respect, in short, to economic development. It will be no value to anyone in a society to get a Ph. D. in heart surgery when neighbors cannot control diarrhea （腹泻）.There will be no point in individual families practicing family planning when the larger society is untouched by similar concerns. There will be no way a libertarian will realize his cherished values in a deprived society. Similarly, there will be no way nationalist tendencies can succeed when individual men and women are weakened. Development in Africa will have to be based on a collective（集体的）effort. David Kaulem has gotten the point, ““The only thing that can further true development in Africa is unity, true common spirit;； Africa will not be able to base their struggle on individual effort.””
1. This passage may most probably be taken from____.
2. What does the passage mainly talk about?
3. Why does the author mention “Ph.D. in heart surgery”?
4. What David Kaulem says means that ____.
5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
问题1选项
A.a news report
B.a life review
C.an interview
D.a research paper
问题2选项
A.Africa is a hopeless place.
B.Unity is vital to the development of Africa.
C.There are a lot of problems in African development.
D.Individuality should be focused on African development.
问题3选项
A.To show that a Ph.D. is very important in Africa.
B.To tell us that there are not enough doctors in Africa.
C.D. is very important in Africa.B.To tell us that there are not enough doctors in Africa.C.
D.is very important in Africa.B.To tell us that there are not enough doctors in Africa.C. To illustrate that heart diseases are serious in Africa.D. To make a contrast to show that basic needs are more important in Africa.
问题4选项
A.collective effort is more important than individual effort
B.individual effort is more important than collective effort
C.Africa will not succeed without individual effort
D.to further development in Africa, unity is not so important as individual effort
问题5选项
A.Population control.
B.Illiteracy.
C.AIDS.
D.Individual freedom.
第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:C
第1题:
【原文考查】推理判断题
【选项释义】
这段话很可能摘自____。
A.新闻报道
B.人生回顾
C.一次面试
D.研究论文
【解题思路】通读全文可知，本文先是讨论了非洲现存的欠发达、未受教育、国内外的巨额债务、人口激增、高死亡率等问题，接着讲述如果这些问题没有解决，非洲的个人自由、人权等问题就无从谈起，最后通过David Kaulem的话总结出解决问题的办法：非洲要进一步发展就需要依靠团结的力量，而不是孤军奋战。由此可推知，本文很有可能摘自一篇研究报告。故本题选D。
第2题:
【原文考查】主旨大意题
【选项释义】
这篇文章主要讲了什么?
A.非洲是一个没有希望的地方。
B.团结对非洲发展至关重要。
C.非洲发展中存在很多问题。
D.非洲发展应突出个性。
【解题思路】通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了非洲存在一些问题，并指出如果这些问题没有解决，个人自由、人权等问题就无从谈起，最后通过David Kaulem的话针对非洲存在的问题提出解决方案——团结才能促进非洲进一步的发展。因此，本文主要阐述了团结对非洲的发展至关重要。故本题选B。
第3题:
【原文考查】推理判断题
【选项释义】
为什么作者提到“心脏外科博士”?
A.为了表明博士学位在非洲非常重要。
B.告诉我们非洲没有足够的医生。
C.为了说明心脏病在非洲很严重。
D.做一个对比，以表明基本需求在非洲更重要。
【解题思路】根据文章第四句“It will be no value to anyone in a society to get a Ph. D. in heart surgery when neighbors cannot control diarrhea. ”可知，当邻居连腹泻都无法控制时，获得心脏外科博士学位对社会中的任何一个人来说都是毫无价值的。作者用这样的例子来隐喻非洲的现状：如果解决不了非洲基本的生存问题，对其他问题的研究就没有价值可言。因此，作者旨在通过对比，表明在非洲基本需求更重要。故本题选D。
第4题:
【原文考查】推理判断题
【选项释义】
David Kaulem所说的意思是____。
A.集体的努力比个人的努力更重要
B.个人的努力比集体的努力更重要
C.没有个人努力，非洲就不会成功
D.对于非洲的进一步发展，团结不如个人努力重要
【解题思路】根据文章最后一句“David Kaulem has gotten the point, ‘The only thing that can further true development in Africa is unity, true common spirit; Africa will not be able to base their struggle on individual effort.’”可知，David Kaulem认为唯一能推动非洲真正发展的是团结，而不是个人的努力。由此可推知，集体的努力比个人的努力更重要。故本题选A。
第5题:
【原文考查】事实细节题
【选项释义】
下面哪个在文章中没有提到?
A.人口控制
B.未受教育
C.艾滋病
D.个人自由
【解题思路】根据文章前三句“In Africa we experience enormous problems of underdevelopment, illiteracy, massive internal and external debts, the population explosion, high mortality rates...there is no way enjoyment of individual freedom and human rights...”可知，非洲存在欠发达、未受教育、国内外的巨额债务、人口激增、高死亡率等问题，在非洲没有办法享受到个人自由和人权。文中并未提及选项C（艾滋病）。故本题选C。
