Increasingly, over the past ten years, people—specially young people—have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed foods, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers widely used in farming today.
Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount—but not the quality—of foods grown in commercial farming areas.
Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.
There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a non-essential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if this is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be an additive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals—and no fibre.
It is significant that nowadays fibre is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fibre has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis placed on the eating of whole meal bread and more vegetables by modern experts on “healthy eating”.
1. People have become more interested in natural foods because ________.
2. Soil that is rich in organic matter ________.
3. Which of the following is true?
4. According to the author, the use of chemicals and fertilizers ________.
5. Which of the following is considered good or healthy eating?
问题1选项
A.they want a change of diet
B.they want to eat food that is more tasty
C.they no longer like processed foods
D.they want to be fashionable
问题2选项
A.has had nothing added to it
B.already contains vitamins and minerals
C.contains unused vegetable matter
D.has had chemicals and fertilizers added to it
问题3选项
A.Natural foods only refer to the plants that are grown in soil.
B.Natural foods are generally affected by chemical fertilizers.
C.Natural foods contain all the essential vitamins and minerals as required by the human body.
D.We can get more vitamins and minerals from natural foods.
问题4选项
A.will not necessarily increase the production of foods
B.is a good way to improve the quality of foods
C.promotes the foods both in quality and in quantity
D.is harmful to the health
问题5选项
A.Unrefined flour and vegetables.
B.White bread and honey.
C.Canned beans and fruits.
D.Mass-produced chickens and eggs.
第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:D
第4题:D
第5题:A
第1题:
【选项释义】
People have become more interested in natural foods because ________. 人们对天然食品越来越感兴趣，因为________。
A. they want a change of diet A. 他们想改变饮食习惯
B. they want to eat food that is more tasty B. 他们想要吃更美味的食物
C. they no longer like processed foods C. 他们不再喜欢加工食品
D. they want to be fashionable D. 他们想要变得时尚
【答案】A
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息interested in natural foods可定位到第一段最后一句“结果对天然食品的兴趣增加（Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural food）”。那么原因就应该在这句话的前面。“他们想要改变饮食习惯因为……（people—specially young people—have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because…）”比对选项，A选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“他们想要吃更美味的食物”，文中提到他们想要吃更健康的食物而非更美味的食物。这里属于无中生有；
C选项“他们不再喜欢加工食品”文中只是说人们更倾向于吃更健康的食物并不是不再喜欢加工食品。这里属于过度推断；
D选项“他们想要变得时尚”文中没有涉及，属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Soil that is rich in organic matter ________. 富含有机质的土壤________。
A. has had nothing added to it A. 什么都没有添加
B. already contains vitamins and minerals B. 已经含有维生素和矿物质
C. contains unused vegetable matter C. 含有未使用的植物物质
D. has had chemicals and fertilizers added to it D. 已经有添加过化学药品和化肥
【答案】C
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息词organic matter可定位到第二段第二句，该处讲到“未利用的植物物质使土壤得到了营养（soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter）。”换言之，土壤中含有未利用的植物物质。比对选项，C选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“什么都没有添加”，属于推断过度；
B选项“已经含有维生素和矿物质”，第二段第二句提到“是未使用的植物物质提供了维生素和矿物质”并不是土壤中已经含有；
D选项“已经有添加过化学药品和化肥”，根据文中可知，有机质土壤是不含化学物质的，这里属于无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Which of the following is true? 下面哪个选项是正确的？
A. Natural foods only refer to the plants that are grown in soil. A. 天然食物只指生长在土壤中的植物。
B. Natural foods are generally affected by chemical fertilizers. B. 天然食品通常受到化肥的影响。
C. Natural foods contain all the essential vitamins and minerals as required by the human body. C. 天然食品含有人体所需的所有必需的维生素和矿物质。
D. We can get more vitamins and minerals from natural foods. D. 我们可以从天然食物中获得更多的维生素和矿物质。
【答案】D
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第二段第二句土壤被未被利用的植物物质滋养了，这些植物物质为土壤提供了必需的维生素和矿物质。所以土壤可以为所产的食品提供维生素和矿物质。D选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“天然食物只指生长在土壤中的植物”根据第三段第一句“天然食物也指健康牧场上自由进食和活动的动物（also include animals）”A选项属于以偏概全；
B选项“天然食品通常受到化肥的影响”，根据第一段最后一句“天然食品：指不含化学添加剂且未受当今农业中广泛使用的化肥影响的食品（not been affected by chemical fertilizers）”；B选项反向干扰；
C选项“天然食品含有人体所需的所有必需的维生素和矿物质”，天然食品中并不一定含有人体所需要的所有的维生素和矿物质。这里属于过度推断。
第4题:
【选项释义】
According to the author, the use of chemicals and fertilizers ________. 据作者说，化学药品和化肥的使用________。
A. will not necessarily increase the production of foods A. 不一定会增加食物的产量
B. is a good way to improve the quality of foods B. 是提高食品质量的好方法
C. promotes the foods both in quality and in quantity C. 提高食物的质量和数量
D. is harmful to the health D. 对健康有害
【答案】D
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据原文第一段可知，加工食品中含有化学药品和化肥的使用，对人的健康有害。因此选D。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“不一定会增加食物的产量”，第二段最后一句说到“化学药品和化肥的使用目的是提高产量”，但是没有提到是否真正能够提高或减少产量，A选项无中生有；
B选项“是提高食品质量的好方法”，作者认为化学药品和化肥的使用不是提高食品质量的好方法。这里属于反向干扰；
C选项“提高食物的质量和数量”，化学药品和化肥的使用不能够提高质量。
第5题:
【选项释义】
Which of the following is considered good or healthy eating? 下列哪一种饮食被认为是好的或健康的？
A. Unrefined flour and vegetables. A. 未经加工的面粉和蔬菜。
B. White bread and honey. B. 白面包加蜂蜜。
C. Canned beans and fruits. C. 豆类和水果罐头。
D. Mass-produced chickens and eggs. D. 大量生产的鸡和蛋。
【答案】A
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】最后一段中提到it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables这里是it指的是fibre“纤维”，未加工的面粉和蔬菜中含有纤维。根据句意纤维对人们健康有益。因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“白面包加蜂蜜”白面包中纤维被去除了；蜂蜜中含有糖，但是没有维他命矿物质或者纤维，所以不健康，属于反向干扰；
C选项“豆类和水果罐头”豆类和水果罐头都是加工食品，不健康，属于反向干扰；
D选项“大量生产的鸡和蛋”在第三段中说到：大规模生产家禽这种方法饲养的鸡不仅没有味道，它们所产的蛋也缺乏重要的维生素，因此也不好，属于反向干扰。
