It seems that fate was on the side of the Japanese. At 6:30 a.m. on 7 December a small Japanese submarine entered a prohibited area off Oahu and was sunk by destroyers and aircraft. The naval watch-officer was informed and, in his turn, informed the Chiefs-of-Staff at Pearl Harbor; but for some reason no general alert was given. More extraordinary still, it is a fact that at 7:00 a.m. the operator of a provisional detector station out in the Pacific belonging to the American Army reported a large flight of airplanes about 210 kilometers from Oahu to the east-north-east. An army lieutenant decided that the airplanes must obviously be friendly ones and took no action. An unusually cloudy sky added to Japanese luck. A routine dawn patrol of American aircraft had passed over Oahu and reported nothing.
At 7:50 a.m. on that Sunday morning a great noise of approaching aircraft was heard on Oahu and at 7:55 the first bombs fell. Low-level bombers and torpedo aircraft attacked the ships in the harbor and the naval installations; high-level bombers bombed the airfields and also Honolulu some 11 kilometers away. The attacks were followed by fighter planes firing machine-guns with incendiary bullets, particularly at the planes on the airfield; some pocket submarines attacked the harbor at the same time.
Just as there had been no adequate air or sea patrols, so inside Pearl Harbor no precautions against attack had been taken; warships were moored close one against another and a large proportion of officers and ratings were on leave and many sleeping ashore. A similar peace-time carelessness pervaded the Hickham army airfield close to Pearl Harbor and other aerodromes on the island. Before the last attack, which was made at 9:00 a.m. and which met with heavy anti-air-craft and naval gun-fire, the Japanese were able to strafe their objectives almost without resistance and the aircraft were able to return to their carriers to refuel and to return to the attack.
Of the eight battleships, the Arizona, California and Utah, a target ship, were sunk outright; the Oklahoma capsized shortly after being bombed; the Nevada was set on fire and put out of action for many months; the three others were more or less seriously damaged. Considerable additional damages were done to ships, a minelayer was sunk, three cruisers damaged, two destroyers sunk and another damaged. Some 2300 officers and men were killed and some hundreds of the nearly two thousand wounded died later. The Japanese are said to have lost 605 aircraft, whilst the Americans had 173 destroyed and over 100 damaged.
1. How was fate on the side of the Japanese?
2. What was “extraordinary” about the sighting of planes by the provisional detector station?
3. When did the attack on Pearl Harbor take place?
4. What does “capsized” mean?
5. Why was the United States unprepared for the attack?
问题1选项
A.A Japanese submarine was able to enter a prohibited area.
B.A cloudy sky covered the Japanese movement.
C.No general alert was given by the Chiefs-of-Staff.
D.All of the above.
问题2选项
A.The planes were too far away to be seen.
B.An army lieutenant took no action, thinking the planes were friendly.
C.The planes were immediately shot down.
D.The station was supposed to be looking for ships, not planes.
问题3选项
A.Early on Sunday morning.
B.Late Saturday evening.
C.During a regular workday.
D.In the middle of the night.
问题4选项
A.“Caught fire”
B.“Started its engine”
C.“Overturned”
D.“Escaped”
问题5选项
A.All the ships of the U.S. Navy were somewhere else.
B.The attack came as a complete surprise.
C.The U.S. and Japan had just signed a peace treaty.
D.The U.S. thought it would attack Japan first.
第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:B
第1题:
【选项释义】
How was fate on the side of the Japanese? 日本人这边的命运是什么样的？
A. A Japanese submarine was able to enter a prohibited area. A. 一艘日本潜艇得以进入禁区。
B. A cloudy sky covered the Japanese movement. B. 阴天笼罩着日本人的运动。
C. No general alert was given by the Chiefs-of-Staff. C. 参谋长们没有发出一般性警报。
D. All of the above.
D. 以上所有。
【答案】D
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息词fate on the side of the Japanese可定位到第一段，该处讲到“一艘小型日本潜艇进入了瓦胡岛的禁区（a small Japanese submarine entered a prohibited area off Oahu）”，还讲“由于某种原因，没有发出一般性警报（for some reason no general alert was given）”以及异乎寻常的多云天空增加了日本人的运气（An unusually cloudy sky added to Japanese luck）。由此可知三个选项均正确，因此D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、C都属于以偏概全。
第2题:
【选项释义】
What was “extraordinary”about the sighting of planes by the provisional detector station? 临时侦测站发现飞机有什么“特别”之处？
A. The planes were too far away to be seen. A. 飞机离得太远了，看不见。
B. An army lieutenant took no action, thinking the planes were friendly. B. 一名陆军中尉认为飞机是友军，没有采取任何行动。
C. The planes were immediately shot down. C. 飞机立即被击落。
D. The station was supposed to be looking for ships, not planes. D. 侦测站的任务是寻找船只，而不是飞机。
【答案】B
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息词extraordinary可定位到第一段，该处讲到“一名陆军中尉决定，显然这些飞机必须是友好飞机，因此没有采取任何行动（took no action）”。比对选项，B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“飞机离得太远了，看不见”，飞机被看见了，但是中尉认为是友军，所以没有采取行动。A属于无中生有；
C选项“飞机立即被击落”，美国人没有采取行动所以飞机没有受到攻击。C选项属于无中生有；
D选项“侦测站的任务是寻找船只，而不是飞机”，文中提到了一个临时探测站的操作员报告说，从瓦胡岛到东北偏东约210公里处有大批飞机飞行，因此这个站点也寻找飞机，这里属于以偏概全。
第3题:
【选项释义】
When did the attack on Pearl Harbor take place? 偷袭珍珠港是什么时候发生的？
A. Early on Sunday morning. A. 星期天早上。
B. Late Saturday evening. B. 星期六晚上。
C. During a regular workday. C. 在正常工作日。
D. In the middle of the night. D. 在半夜里。
【答案】A
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据文章可知“那个星期天早上7点50分，瓦胡岛上听到一声巨大的飞机迫近的声音（At 7.50 a.m. on that Sunday morning）”，又可知“正如没有足够的空中或海上巡逻一样，珍珠港内部也没有采取任何防范攻击的措施”。根据文章可以判断袭击时间为星期天上午。因此A正确。
【干扰项排除】
B“星期六晚上”、C“在正常工作日”、D“在半夜里”均属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
What does “capsized” mean? capsized的意思是什么？
A. Caught fire. A. 着火。
B. Started its engine. B. 开始它的发动机。
C. Overturned. C. 倾覆的。
D. Escaped. D. 逃走了的。
【答案】C
【考查点】词汇判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息词capsized可定位到第四段第一句，该处讲到“八艘战舰中（Of the eight battleships）”，还讲这些战舰是如何被损害的（seriously damaged）。有的被点燃，有的停运。原句指这艘船被炸之后发生了什么。应选C选项overturned倾覆的，指被炸后这艘船翻船了。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“着火”由于句中有一个不久之后（shortly afterwards）来形容，被炸的船应该是立即着火，不应该是不久以后着火；
B选项“开始它的发动机”这艘船被炸了以后不可能再开始发动机了。B选项属于反向干扰；D选项“逃走了的”通过上下文知道，这里应该是讲船是如何被损害的。D选项无中生有。
第5题:
【选项释义】
Why was the United States unprepared for the attack? 为什么美国对这次袭击毫无准备？
A. All the ships of the U.S. Navy were somewhere else. A. 美国海军的所有船只都在别的地方。
B. The attack came as a complete surprise. B. 这次袭击完全出乎意料。
C. The U.S. and Japan had just signed a peace treaty. C. 美国和日本刚刚签署了和平条约。
D. The U.S. thought it would attack Japan first. D. 美国认为它会先攻击日本。
【答案】B
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】首先文章说明了日本的潜艇进入时的“特殊情况”美国认为是友军且天气的原因以及没有发动警报都说明日本入侵是在美国人意料之外的；再者，文中提到正如没有足够的空中或海上巡逻一样，珍珠港内部也没有采取任何防范攻击的措施（Just as there had been no adequate air or sea patrols, so inside Pearl Harbor no precautions against attack had been taken...）。也就是说美国没有提前采取防范措施。这一切都说明了这一次袭击对美国来说是一场意外。B选项是此信息的同义转换，因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“美国海军的所有船只都在别的地方”，文中提到“正如没有足够的空中或海上巡逻一样，珍珠港内部也没有采取任何防范攻击的措施；战舰紧紧地靠在一起，大部分军官和普通船员都在休假，许多人睡在岸上”是有船在的，只是没有足够的船。A选项推理过度；
C选项“美国和日本刚刚签署了和平条约”，文章中没有提到，该选项属于无中生有；
D选项“美国认为它会先攻击日本”，文章中没有提到，该选项属于无中生有。
