As a stimulus for debate, the week-long removal of John William Waterhouse’s “Hylas and the Nymphs” from the walls of the Manchester Art Gallery certainly did the trick. After its exile to the museum store hit the news, the air became thick with protest and cries of “censorship”. Its banishment was regarded as dangerous political correctness, and the thin end of the wedge. If Waterhouse’s image of a youth surrounded by naked young women was to be taken down, where would it end? Would all our museums and galleries be dismantled, their “offensive” works, a.k.a. most Old Masters, locked away from the gaze of the public?
The painting’s week-long absence (it is back in its place by popular demand) probably focused more attention and thought upon it than it would have received over six months on the wall. Its removal was part of a project by artist Sonia Boyce, an exhibition of whose work opens at the museum in March. The action had arisen from discussions between the artist and staff about power and taste, about who decides what is seen and not seen on the walls of museums and galleries.
Cries of censorship have tended to obscure the complexities of this case. Works of art, after all, do not exist in isolation from the conditions in which they are viewed. Standards and tastes constantly change. Artists overlooked in their own time have belatedly found their place in the canon. Sometimes work valued in one period has lost currency in another. That is not to say that “Hylas and the Nymphs” should not be on show, but, rather, to suggest that the way we look at art is a dynamic process. In practice, curators make decisions about what is seen all the time. This should not disturb us. This is their job.
The painting itself, first shown in 1896, deserves more attention. The story of Hylas is told by Theocritus, Apollonius of Rhodes and Propertius, among others. It is Theocritus’s 13th Idyll that Waterhouse follows most closely. Heracles and his lover, the young Hylas, are among the Argonauts, the heroes intent on stealing the Golden Fleece. En route to Colchis, while their ship is moored, Hylas goes inland for water. Finding a spring, he plunges his pitcher into the water—but nymphs, desiring the young man, grab hold of his arm, dragging him under. The women are the predators, not Hylas. At the same time, the painting clearly invites the viewer to enjoy the nymphs’ naked breasts, while betraying more than a little anxiety about female sexuality. There is a tragic homoerotic story latent in the work, for Theocritus tells how Heracles deserts the Argonauts to wander the land, seeking his lover.
Taking down a Waterhouse for a week need not send anyone to the barricades. It was not censorship. A critical, self-reflective, open-eyed relationship with the past is a good thing (just as denying, or attempting to tidy up the past, is a bad thing). It was a clumsy gesture by Manchester Art Gallery, perhaps. But one that was neither repressive nor merely a stunt.
1. What is the purpose of Paragraph 3?
2. Why did the author write this article?
3. Which of the following is NOT true?
4. An idiom that would make a useful title for this article could be ________.
5. What do we know about the author?
问题1选项
A.To summarise the story of Hylas.
B.To show what inspired the painting.
C.To give reasons why the painting may have been removed.
D.To provide a historical background.
问题2选项
A.He wanted to warn people against censorship of art.
B.He thought the public were not informed of all the facts.
C.He is an admirer of Waterhouse, and “Helas and the Nymphs” in particular.
D.He disagrees with the practices of the Manchester Art Gallery.
问题3选项
A.The painting was returned because of outspoken public opinion.
B.The painting was removed because of outspoken public opinion.
C.The painting has largely been overlooked until this time.
D.We do not know the exact reasons why the painting was removed.
问题4选项
A.Putting all your eggs in one basket
B.Throwing the baby out with the bathwater
C.Making a mountain out of a molehill
D.Flogging a dead horse
问题5选项
A.He is against political correctness.
B.He is disapproving of artist Sonia Boyce.
C.He is an art critic.
D.He is aware of art’s position in history.
第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:D
第1题:
【选项释义】
What is the purpose of Paragraph 3? 第三段的目的是什么?
A. To summarise the story of Hylas. A. 总结海拉斯的故事。
B. To show what inspired the painting. B. 说明这幅画的灵感来源。
C. To give reasons why the painting may have been removed. C. 说明这幅画可能被移除的原因。
D. To provide a historical background. D. 提供一个历史背景。
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词Paragraph 3可以定位到文章第三段第二到五句“毕竟,艺术作品不能脱离其被观察的环境而独立存在(do not exist in isolation from the conditions)。标准和口味在不断变化(constantly change)。在自己的时代被忽视的艺术家们终于在经典中找到了自己的位置。有时在某一时期价值不菲的作品在另一时期就会贬值(valued in one period has lost currency in another)”,说明艺术作品的价值是随着时代的变化而变化的,接着又说“这并不是说《海拉斯与仙女》不应该展出(not to say that “Hylas and the Nymphs” should not be on show),而是说,我们看待艺术的方式是一个动态的过程(a dynamic process)”,说明这一段解释了作者认为《海拉斯与仙女》被移除的可能原因,并不是公众之前以为的因为审查制度,而是对艺术的标准和口味发生了变化。因此C选项“说明这幅画可能被移除的原因。”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“总结海拉斯的故事。”是第四段的内容,属于出处错位;
B选项“说明这幅画的灵感来源。”和D选项“提供一个历史背景。”在本段无法体现,属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Why did the author write this article? 作者为什么要写这篇文章?
A. He wanted to warn people against censorship of art. A. 他想警告人们不要对艺术进行审查。
B. He thought the public were not informed of all the facts. B. 他认为公众不了解所有的事实。
C. He is an admirer of Waterhouse, and “Helas and the Nymphs” in particular. C. 他是沃特豪斯的崇拜者,特别是《海拉丝与仙女》。
D. He disagrees with the practices of the Manchester Art Gallery. D. 他不同意曼彻斯特艺术馆的做法。
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】本文首先提出《海拉斯与仙女》从曼彻斯特美术馆被移除一周这一事件,当时公众的态度是抗议审查制度,认为是危险的政治正确,接着阐述了作者认为这一举动的可能原因,不是审查制度,而是对艺术的标准和口味发生了变化,然后介绍了《海拉丝与仙女》作品中包含的故事,最后总结道“与过去保持一种批判性的、自我反思的、清醒的关系是一件好事”,由此可知作者的目的是想告诉公众这一举动不是人们以为表面上的审查制度导致的,背后还有其他的真正原因。因此B选项“他认为公众不了解所有的事实。”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“他想警告人们不要对艺术进行审查。”和C选项“他是沃特豪斯的崇拜者,特别是《海拉丝与仙女》。”,文章没有体现作者对审查制度的态度记忆是否喜爱沃特豪斯的作品,属于无中生有;
D选项“他不同意曼彻斯特艺术馆的做法。”,由最后一段倒数第一、二句“这也许是曼彻斯特美术馆的一个笨拙的举动。但它既不是压制性的,也不仅仅是一种噱头(neither repressive nor merely a stunt)”可知,作者并不反对曼彻斯特艺术馆的做法,属于反向干扰。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Which of the following is NOT true? 以下哪项是不正确的?
A. The painting was returned because of outspoken public opinion. A. 这幅画被归位是因为直言不讳的公众意见。
B. The painting was removed because of outspoken public opinion. B. 这幅画被移除是因为直言不讳的公众意见。
C. The painting has largely been overlooked until this time. C. 这幅画在很大程度上一直被忽视,直到这次。
D. We do not know the exact reasons why the painting was removed. D. 我们不知道这幅画被移除的确切原因。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据关键词可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句“约翰·威廉·沃特豪斯的《海拉斯与仙女》从曼彻斯特美术馆的墙上被移除长达一周,这无疑是一场辩论的刺激因素(a stimulus for debate)。在它被流放到博物馆商店的消息传出后(After its exile),空气中弥漫着抗议和‘审查’的呼声(protest and cries of “censorship”)”,说明公众意见是在画作被移除之后出现的,B选项“这幅画被移除是因为直言不讳的公众意见。”表述错误,符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“这幅画被归位是因为直言不讳的公众意见。”,由第二段第一句“在大众的要求下(by popular demand),它又回到了原处”可知,公众意见促使画作回到了原处,属于反向干扰;
C选项“这幅画在很大程度上一直被忽视,直到这次。”,由第四段第一句“这幅于1896年首次展出的画作本身更值得关注(deserves more attention)”可知,这幅画之前没有受到很多关注,属于反向干扰;
D选项“我们不知道这幅画被移除的确切原因。”,文中提到公众和作者认为的理由都只是可能的原因,我们还不知道它被移除的真正原因,属于反向干扰。
第4题:
【选项释义】
An idiom that would make a useful title for this article could be ________. 可以作为本文标题的一句习语是________。
A. Putting all your eggs in one basket A. 孤注一掷
B. Throwing the baby out with the bathwater B. 因噎废食
C. Making a mountain out of a molehill C. 小题大做
D. Flogging a dead horse D. 白费功夫
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】文章开头提到公众对于《海拉斯与仙女》从曼彻斯特美术馆被移除一事有很强烈的抗议,认为是危险的政治正确,是战争的开端,接着作者解释了自己认为被移除的可能原因,最后一段第一句说道“把沃特豪斯的作品撤下一个星期,不需要把任何人送到街垒上(need not send anyone to the barricades)。这不是审查制度(not censorship)”,表明作者认为公众之前的激烈意见把问题夸大了。因此C选项“小题大做”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“孤注一掷”,B选项“因噎废食”和D选项“白费功夫”在文中均无法体现,属于无中生有。
第5题:
【选项释义】
What do we know about the author? 我们对该作者了解多少?
A. He is against political correctness. A. 他反对政治正确。
B. He is disapproving of artist Sonia Boyce. B. 他不赞成艺术家索尼娅·博伊斯。
C. He is an art critic. C. 他是一位艺术评论家。
D. He is aware of art’s position in history. D. 他意识到艺术在历史中的地位。
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据关键词可以定位到文章第三段第二到第五句“毕竟,艺术作品不能脱离其被观察的环境而独立存在(do not exist in isolation from the conditions)。标准和口味在不断变化(constantly change)。在自己的时代被忽视的艺术家们终于在经典中找到了自己的位置。有时在某一时期价值不菲的作品在另一时期就会贬值(valued in one period has lost currency in another)”,说明作者意识到了艺术的价值随着历史的发展是会发生变化的。因此D选项“他意识到艺术在历史中的地位。”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“他反对政治正确。”和C选项“他是一位艺术评论家。”,文章没有提及作者对政治正确的态度和他的职业,属于无中生有;
B选项“他不赞成艺术家索尼娅·博伊斯。”,由最后一段倒数第一、二句“这也许是曼彻斯特美术馆的一个笨拙的举动。但它既不是压制性的,也不仅仅是一种噱头(neither repressive nor merely a stunt)”可知,作者并不反对索尼娅·博伊斯的做法,属于反向干扰。
【文章来源】《卫报》(The Guardian)2018
【参考译文】
约翰·威廉·沃特豪斯的《海拉斯与仙女》从曼彻斯特美术馆的墙上被移除长达一周,这无疑是一场辩论的刺激因素。在它被流放到博物馆商店的消息传出后,空气中弥漫着抗议和“审查”的呼声。对它的驱逐被认为是危险的政治正确,是战争的开端。如果沃特豪斯描绘的一个被裸女包围的年轻人的形象要被撤下,那会是什么结果?我们所有的博物馆和画廊会被拆除吗?那些“冒犯性”作品,也就是大多数早期大师的作品,会被锁在远离公众视线的地方吗?
这幅画失踪了一周(在大众的要求下,它又回到了原处),这可能比它挂在墙上六个多月得到的关注和思考更多。拆除它是艺术家索尼娅·博伊斯项目的一部分,她的作品展将于3月在博物馆开幕。这一行动源于艺术家和工作人员之间关于权力和品味的讨论,关于谁来决定博物馆和画廊的墙上能看到什么,不能看到什么。
对审查制度的呼声往往掩盖了这个案件的复杂性。毕竟,艺术作品不能脱离其被观察的环境而独立存在。标准和口味在不断变化。在自己的时代被忽视的艺术家们终于在经典中找到了自己的位置。有时在某一时期价值不菲的作品在另一时期就会贬值。这并不是说《海拉斯与仙女》不应该展出,而是说,我们看待艺术的方式是一个动态的过程。在实践中,策展人一直在对人们看到的东西做出决定。这不应该使我们烦恼。这是他们的工作。
这幅于1896年首次展出的画作本身更值得关注。海拉斯的故事由忒奥克里托斯、罗德岛的阿波罗尼乌斯和普罗普提乌斯等人讲述。沃特豪斯最关注的是提奥克里特的第13首田园诗。赫拉克勒斯和他的情人,年轻的海拉斯,都是阿尔戈英雄,他们打算偷金羊毛。在前往科尔奇斯的途中,当他们的船停泊在那里时,海拉斯前往内陆取水。他找到了一处泉水,便把他的水罐投入水中——可是仙女们看中了这个年轻人,就抓住他的胳膊,把他拖下了水。女人才是掠食者,不是海拉斯。与此同时,这幅画明显地邀请观众欣赏仙女们赤裸的乳房,同时也暴露出对女性性行为的焦虑。在这部作品中潜藏着一个悲剧性的同性恋故事,因为忒奥克里托斯讲述了赫拉克勒斯如何抛弃阿尔戈英雄,在大地上流浪,寻找他的爱人。
把沃特豪斯的作品撤下一个星期,不需要把任何人送到街垒上。这不是审查制度。与过去保持一种批判性的、自我反思的、清醒的关系是一件好事(就像否认或试图整理过去是一件坏事一样)。这也许是曼彻斯特美术馆的一个笨拙的举动。但它既不是压制性的,也不仅仅是一种噱头。