The table before which we sit may be, as the scientist maintains, composed of dancing atoms, but it does not reveal itself to us as anything of the kind, and it is not with dancing atoms but a solid and motionless object that we live. So remote is this “real” table-and most of the other “realities” with which science deals- that it cannot be discussed in terms which have any human value, and though it may receive our purely intellectual credence it cannot be woven into the pattern of life as it is led, in contradistinction to life as we attempt to think about it. Vibrations in the ether are so totally unlike, let us say, the color purple that the gulf between them cannot be bridged, and they are, to all intents and purposes, not one but two separate things of which the second and less “real” must be the most significant for us. And just as the sensation which has led us to attribute an objective reality to a non-existent thing which we call “purple” is more important for human life than the conception of vibrations of a certain frequency, so too the belief in God, however ill founded, has been more important in the life of man than the germ theory of decay, however true the latter may be.
We may, if we like, speak of consequence, as certain mystics love to do, of the different levels or orders of truth. We may adopt what is essentially a Platonistic trick of thought and insist upon postulating the existence of external realities which correspond to the needs and modes of human feeling and which, so we may insist, have their being in some part the universe unreachable by science. But to do so is to make an unwarrantable assumption and to be guilty of the metaphysical fallacy of failing to distinguish between a truth of feeling and that other sort of truth which is described as a “truth of correspondence”, and it is better perhaps, at least for those of us who have grown up in an age of scientific thought, to steer clear of such confusions and to rest content with the admission that, though the universe with which science deals is the real universe, yet we do not and cannot have any but fleeting and imperfect contacts with it; that the most important part of our lives — our sensations, emotions, desires, and aspirations — takes place in a universe of illusions which science can attenuate or destroy, but which it is powerless to enrich.
1. What is the topic of this passage?
2. According to the passage, a scientist would conceive of a “table” as being ______.
3. As far as the “scientific” world and “illusionary” world are concerned, the author suggests that in our lives we should ______.
4. By “objective reality’’, the author means ______.
5. Which of the following best concludes the passage?
6. The word “attenuate” (last line) most probably means “______”.
问题1选项
A.A scientific approach to living.
B.The place of scientific truth in our lives.
C.The confusion of reality by science.
D.The confusion caused by emotions.
问题2选项
A.very remote
B.a form fixed in space and time
C.a mass of atoms in motion
D.anything that has human value
问题3选项
A.accept our world as being one of illusion
B.apply the scientific method
C.establish a truth of correspondence
D.learn to appreciate both
问题4选项
A.symbolic existence
B.the viewer’s experience
C.reality colored by emotion
D.scientific reality
问题5选项
A.As far as our experience goes, objects are solid, not composed of atoms.
B.Though our sense of color is more important in our lives, it has nothing to do with reality.
C.Scientific conceptions of reality have no significant function in our lives.
D.It is best if we rest content with the idea that there are other forms of reality, however ill-founded.
问题6选项
A.continue
B.weaken
C.utilize
D.correspond
第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:D
第5题:D
第6题:B
第1题:
【选项释义】
What is the topic of this passage? 这篇文章的主旨是什么?
A. A scientific approach to living. A. 科学的生活方式。
B. The place of scientific truth in our lives. B. 科学真理在我们生活中的地位。
C. The confusion of reality by science. C. 科学混淆了现实。
D. The confusion caused by emotions. D. 情绪造成的混乱。
【考查点】主旨大意题
【解题思路】文章开头通过对比科学家所认为的桌子(由运动中的原子组成)和我们日常生活中感知的桌子(坚固且静止的物体),引入了科学真理与人类生活感知之间的差异。作者指出,尽管科学真理在智力上可能被接受,但它无法融入我们的生活体验中。接着,作者举了两个例子:一是我们对“紫色”的感知比对特定频率振动的理解更重要;二是无论对上帝的信仰是否有根据,它在人类生活中的作用超过了科学理论(如细菌致病理论)。文章第二段作者提出了一种哲学观点,即存在不同层次或秩序的真理,并暗示这些真理可能对应于人类情感的需求。但随即指出,这种观点是一种未经证实的假设,可能会导致混淆感觉的真理和对应的真理。最后一句“though the universe with which science deals is the real universe, yet we do not and cannot have any but fleeting and imperfect contacts with it; that the most important part of our lives—our sensations, emotions, desires, and aspirations—takes place in a universe of illusions which science can attenuate or destroy, but which it is powerless to enrich(虽然科学研究的宇宙是真正的宇宙,但我们与它没有也不可能有任何短暂的、不完美的接触;我们生命中最重要的部分——我们的感觉、情感、欲望和抱负——都发生在一个充满幻想的世界里,科学可以减弱或摧毁这些幻想,但却无力充实这些幻想)”是文章的主旨句,对全文进行了总结,也暗示了科学真理在我们生活中的作用,由此可知B选项“科学真理在我们生活中的地位”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“科学的生活方式”文章并没有讨论人们可以更科学地生活的具体方式,属于无中生有;
C选项“科学混淆了现实”文章讨论的是科学真理与人类经验之间的对比,而不是科学造成的混淆,属于曲解原文;
D选项“情绪造成的混乱”文章并没有讨论情绪造成的困惑,而是讨论了与科学相比情绪在人类生活中的影响作用,属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
According to the passage, a scientist would conceive of a “table” as being ____. 根据文章,科学家会认为“桌子”是____。
A. very remote A. 非常遥远的
B. a form fixed in space and time B. 一种固定在空间和时间上的形式
C. a mass of atoms in motion C. 一堆运动中的原子
D. anything that has human value D. 任何有人类价值的东西
【考查点】细节事实题
【解题思路】根据关键词“table”定位到第一段第一句“正如科学家所主张的那样,我们所坐的桌子可能是由运动的原子组成的(The table before which we sit may be, as the scientist maintains, composed of dancing atoms),但在我们看来,桌子本身并不是由运动的原子组成的,我们生活在一个固体的、不动的物体中。”由此可知,C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“非常遥远的”根据第一段第二句“这张‘真实的’桌子——以及科学所涉及的大多数其他‘现实’——是如此遥远,以至于无法用具有任何人类价值的术语来讨论它……”可知,这是我们而不是科学家认为的,属于张冠李戴;
B选项“一种固定在空间和时间上的形式”文章没有提及,属于无中生有;
D选项“任何有人类价值的东西”第一段指出,科学现实,比如由运动的原子组成的桌子,“不能用具有任何人类价值的术语来讨论(it cannot be discussed in terms which have any human value)。”这表明,从科学的角度来看,桌子并没有被认为是具有人类价值的东西,属于曲解原文。
第3题:
【选项释义】
As far as the “scientific” world and “illusionary” world are concerned, the author suggests that in our lives we should ____. 就“科学”世界和“幻想”世界而言,作者建议在生活中我们应该____。
A. accept our world as being one of illusion A. 接受我们的世界是一个幻想的世界
B. apply the scientific method B. 运用科学的方法
C. establish a truth of correspondence C. 建立一种对应的真理
D. learn to appreciate both D. 学会欣赏两者
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】文章最后一段提到“也许,至少对于我们这些在科学思想时代成长起来的人来说,最好是避免这种混淆,并满足于承认(to rest content with the admission that),虽然科学研究的宇宙是真正的宇宙,但我们与它没有也不可能有任何短暂的、不完美的接触;我们生命中最重要的部分——我们的感觉、情感、欲望和抱负——都发生在一个充满幻想的世界里,科学可以减弱或摧毁这些幻想,但却无力充实这些幻想(takes place in a universe of illusions which science can attenuate or destroy, but which it is powerless to enrich)。”由此可以推断,作者暗示为了联系起科学世界和虚幻世界的不同点,把他的话当作一种假象,故A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“运用科学的方法”文章中提到,虽然科学处理的宇宙是真实的宇宙,但我们与之的联系是短暂和不完美的,这暗示了仅依靠科学方法是不够的,属于曲解原文;
C选项“建立一种对应的真理”文章批评了未能区分感觉的真理和对应的真理的形而上学谬误,表明作者不支持建立一种“对应真理”,属于曲解原文;
D选项“学会欣赏两者”文章没有提到我们需要学会欣赏科学的世界和幻觉的世界两者,而是强调了幻觉世界在我们生活中的重要性,属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
By “objective reality”, the author means ____. 作者所说的“objective reality”是指____。
A. symbolic existence A. 象征性的存在
B. the viewer’s experience B. 观众的体验
C. reality colored by emotion C. 带有情感色彩的现实
D. scientific reality D. 科学现实
【考查点】语义推断题
【解题思路】根据“objective reality”定位到第一段最后部分“正如导致我们将objective reality归因于一个不存在的事物(我们称之为‘紫色’)的感觉对人类生活来说比一定频率的振动概念更重要一样,对上帝的信仰,无论多么没有根据,在人类的生活中也比腐朽的细菌理论更重要,无论后者多么正确。”结合上文,科学家认为桌子是由运动的原子构成,而我们普通人认为是不动的物体)可推断,这里的“objective reality”指代“科学现实”,故D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“象征性的存在”作者在讨论科学真理和人类感知之间的差异时,并没有将“objective reality”定义为象征性的,属于无中生有;
B选项“观众的体验”作者强调了科学真理与人类感知之间的巨大鸿沟,表明“objective reality”是指科学所处理的现实,而不是个人的感受或体验,属于曲解原文;
C选项“带有情感色彩的现实”作者在最后一段“但是,这样做是一种毫无根据的假设,犯了形而上学的谬误,即没有区分感觉的真理和被称为‘对应的真理’的另一种真理。”明确区分了感觉的真理和对应的真理(即科学真理),指出后者是客观的、与情感无关的,属于曲解原文。
第5题:
【选项释义】
Which of the following best concludes the passage? 下面哪个选项是这篇文章的最佳结尾?
A. As far as our experience goes, objects are solid, not composed of atoms. A. 就我们的经验而言,物体是固体,不是由原子组成的。
B. Though our sense of color is more important in our lives, it has nothing to do with reality. B. 虽然我们的色彩感觉在我们的生活中更重要,但它与现实无关。
C. Scientific conceptions of reality have no significant function in our lives. C. 关于现实的科学概念在我们的生活中没有重要的作用。
D. It is best if we rest content with the idea that there are other forms of reality, however ill-founded. D. 我们最好满足于存在其他形式的现实的想法,不管这种想法多么没有根据。
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】题目问的是四个选项中哪一项最适合作为文章的结尾句。文章最后一句提到“虽然科学研究的宇宙是真正的宇宙,但我们与它没有也不可能有任何短暂的、不完美的接触;我们生命中最重要的部分——我们的感觉、情感、欲望和抱负——都发生在一个充满幻想的世界里,科学可以减弱或摧毁这些幻想,但却无力充实这些幻想”。也就是说,尽管科学可以根据原子和以太中的振动对现实做出某种解释,但这种科学的现实并不是我们每天与之互动的现实。相反,我们生活在一个由我们的感官、情感和欲望所定义的世界,一个被文章描述为“幻想的宇宙”的世界。由此可推断后面会说“我们最好满足于存在其他形式的现实的想法,不管这种想法多么没有根据”,D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“就我们的经验而言,物体是固体,不是由原子组成的”表述过于绝对,属于曲解原文;
B选项“虽然我们的色彩感觉在我们的生活中更重要,但它与现实无关”也不对,色觉在我们生活中也有很大的关系,属于曲解原文;
C选项“关于现实的科学概念在我们的生活中没有重要的作用”根据原文“科学可以减弱或摧毁这些幻想,但却无力充实这些幻想”可知,“没有重要的作用”也不符合文章内容,属于曲解原文。
第6题:
【选项释义】
The word “attenuate” (last line) most probably means “____”. “attenuate”(最后一行)这个词最有可能的意思是“____”。
A. continue A. 继续
B. weaken B. 削弱
C. utilize C. 利用,使用
D. correspond D. 符合
【考查点】语义推断题
【解题思路】根据“attenuate”定位到最后一段“that the most important part of our lives—our sensations, emotions, desires, and aspirations—takes place in a universe of illusions which science can attenuate or destroy, but which it is powerless to enrich.(我们生命中最重要的部分——我们的感觉、情感、欲望和抱负——都发生在一个充满幻想的世界里,科学可以attenuate或摧毁这些幻想,但却无力充实这些幻想)”。由并列连词“or(或者)”可知“attenuate”的意思应该与“destroy(毁灭)”的意思有关联,再看四个选项A选项“继续”、B选项“削弱”、C选项“利用”及D选项“符合”可知,B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
根据以上分析可知,A选项“继续”、C选项“利用,使用”和D选项“符合”均不符合语境,属于曲解原文。