Organic Farming
During thousands of years of human civilization, the raising of animals and growing of plants have always been organic. Chemicals for farming first came up at the tum of the 20th century. Widespread use of chemicals began after World War. In the 1950s and 60s farmers started using chemical fertilizers and pesticides (杀虫剂). Recently, however, more and more farmers have been returning to organic farming.
In organic farming, farm products are produced in more natural ways. Crops, meat and other food are produced without chemicals. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and growth hormones (激素) are forbidden. Farmers enrich the soil with natural fertilizers. They pull out weeds by hand. Hay and straw are put between the rows of plants to stop weeding. They rely on the natural enemies of pests to control pests. Animals are fed organically and can eat grass outdoors. Cows, for example, are kept in pastures (草场) and fields. Vegetables and fruit are also produced with organic methods.
Organic farming enjoys many advantages. For example crop rotation can preserve the good qualities of soils. The growing of different crops can keep soils healthy and fertile. Organic farming is healthier for farm workers, and there are fewer remains of chemicals in food. In the long term, organic farms save energy and protect the environment. It can slow down global warming and reduce the pollution of ground water.
Meanwhile, there are some disadvantages Organic food is more expensive. Organic products may cost up to 40% more. Production costs are higher as farmers need more workers,and the land output is much less. Marketing and distribution is not efficient because organic food is produced in smaller amounts. Crop illness may happen very often. Besides, organic farming cannot produce enough food for the world's population to survive. This could lead to starvation in countries that can produce enough food today.
1. Organic farming ___.
2. In organic farming ___.
3. The phrase”crop rotation”(Para.3) probably means ___.
4. One advantage of organic farming is that it is ___.
5. The problem of organic farming is ___.
问题1选项
A.started in the 1950s
B.had a short history
C.has become popular in recent years
D.was promoted by World War II
问题2选项
A.cows can move around in fields
B.natural enemies of pests are scarce
C.chemicals are used to kill pests
D.machines are used to pull out weeds
问题3选项
A.growing high-yielding crops
B.seasonal growing of crops
C.planting soil-enriching crops
D.regular changing of crops
问题4选项
A.water-saving
B.labor-saving
C.market-friendly
D.environment-friendly
问题5选项
A.poor qualities of soils
B.high production costs
C.the use of too much land
D.the shortage of farm workers
第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:D
第5题:B
第1题:
【文章大意】有机农业
在几千年的人类文明中，动物的饲养和植物的生长一直是有机的。农业用化学品最早出现在20世纪初。化学品的广泛使用始于第二次世界大战后。上世纪五六十年代，农民开始使用化肥和杀虫剂。然而，最近越来越多的农民开始回归有机农业。
在有机农业中，农产品以更自然的方式生产。农作物、肉类和其他食品的生产都不含化学物质。禁止使用化肥、杀虫剂和生长激素。农民用天然肥料使土壤肥沃。他们用手拔杂草。干草和稻草放在一排排植物之间，以防止杂草。他们依靠害虫的天敌来控制害虫。动物用有机饲料喂养，可以在户外吃草。例如，牛被养在牧场和田地里。蔬菜和水果也是用有机方法生产的。
有机农业有很多优点。例如，作物轮作可以保持土壤的优良品质。种植不同的作物可以保持土壤的健康和肥沃。有机农业对农场工人来说更健康，而且食物中残留的化学物质更少。从长远来看，有机农场可以节约能源，保护环境。它可以减缓全球变暖，减少地下水污染。
同时，有机食品也有一些缺点，比较贵。有机产品的价格可能会高出40%。生产成本更高，因为农民需要更多的工人，而土地产出却少得多。由于有机食品的产量较小，市场营销和分销效率不高。作物病害可能经常发生。此外，有机农业不能生产足够的食物来满足世界人口的生存。这可能会导致今天能够生产足够粮食的国家出现饥荒。
【原文考查】事实细节题
【选项释义】有机农业 ___。
A. 开始于20世纪50年代
B. 历史不长
C. 近年来变得流行
D. 由第二次世界大战推行
【解题思路】根据第一段“During thousands of years of human civilization, the raising of animals and growing of plants have always been organic. Chemicals for farming first came up at the tum of the 20th century. Widespread use of chemicals began after World War. In the 1950s and 60s farmers started using chemical fertilizers and pesticides (杀虫剂). Recently, however, more and more farmers have been returning to organic farming.”可知在几千年的人类文明中，动物的饲养和植物的生长一直是有机的。农业用化学品最早出现在20世纪初。化学品的广泛使用始于第二次世界大战后。上世纪五六十年代，农民开始使用化肥和杀虫剂。然而最近，越来越多的农民开始回归有机农业。所以最近有机农业变得流行。故本题选C。
【干扰项排除】根据第一段，20世纪50年代开始使用化肥和杀虫剂，排除A选项；几千年来的文明中，动物的饲养和植物的生长一直是有机的，排除B选项；化学品的广泛使用始于第二次世界大战后，排除D选项。
第2题:
【原文考查】事实细节题
【选项释义】在有机农业中 ___。
A. 牛能在田野里走动
B. 害虫的天敌很少
C. 化学药品是用来杀灭害虫的
D. 机器被用来拔除杂草
【解题思路】根据文章第二段“In organic farming, farm products are produced in more natural ways. Crops, meat and other food are produced without chemicals. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and growth hormones (激素) are forbidden. Farmers enrich the soil with natural fertilizers. They pull out weeds by hand. Hay and straw are put between the rows of plants to stop weeding. They rely on the natural enemies of pests to control pests. Animals are fed organically and can eat grass outdoors. Cows, for example, are kept in pastures(草场) and fields. Vegetables and fruit are also produced with organic methods.”可知在有机农业中，农产品以更自然的方式生产。农作物、肉类和其他食品的生产都不含化学物质。禁止使用化肥、杀虫剂和生长激素。农民用天然肥料使土壤肥沃。他们用手拔杂草。干草和稻草放在一排排植物之间，以防止杂草。他们依靠害虫的天敌来控制害虫。动物用有机饲料喂养，可以在户外吃草。例如，牛被养在牧场和田地里。蔬菜和水果也是用有机方法生产的。所以牛可以在田里走动吃草。故本题选A。
【干扰项排除】他们依靠害虫的天敌来控制害虫，所以无法得出害虫天敌少的结论，排除B、C选项；他们用手拔杂草，排除D选项。
第3题:
【原文考查】词语理解题
【选项释义】第三段中的短语“crop rotation”可能意味着 ___。
A. 种植高产作物
B. 季节性作物种植
C. 种植肥土作物
D. 定期更换作物
【解题思路】根据crop rotation定位到第三段第二句“For example crop rotation can preserve the good qualities of soils. The growing of different crops can keep soils healthy and fertile.”可知例如，作物轮作可以保持土壤的优良品质。种植不同的作物可以保持土壤的健康和肥沃。故本题选D。
【干扰项排除】A、B、C不符合题意。
第4题:
【原文考查】事实细节题
【选项释义】有机农业的一个优点是 ___。
A. 节水
B. 节省劳动力
C. 市场友好的
D. 环境友好的
【解题思路】根据第三段最后两句“In the long term, organic farms save energy and protect the environment. It can slow down global warming and reduce the pollution of ground water.”可知从长远来看，有机农场可以节约能源，保护环境。它可以减缓全球变暖，减少地下水污染。所以对环境好。故本题选D。
【干扰项排除】A、B、C与题意不符。
第5题:
【原文考查】事实细节题
【选项释义】有机农业的问题是 ___。
A. 土壤质量差
B. 生产成本高
C. 使用太多的土地
D. 农场工人短缺
【解题思路】根据第四段第二句“Organic products may cost up to 40% more. Production costs are higher as farmers need more workers,and the land output is much less.”可知生产成本高达40%，但是产出却变少了。故本题选B。
【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不合题意。
