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No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to(1)conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the(2)of one who with due study and(3), thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. No that it is solely,(4)chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required.
On the contrary, it is as much or even more(5)to enable average human beings to(6)the mental stature which they are capable(7). There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of(8)slavery.(9)there never has been, nor ever will be, in(10)atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended, where there is a(11)convention that principles are not to be disputed: where the discussion of the greatest questions which can(12)humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so(13). Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to(14)enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up from its foundation and the(15)given which(16)even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.
She who knows only her own side of the case knows(17)of that. Her reasons maybe good, and no one may have been able to(18)them. But if she’s equally unable to confute the reasons of the(19)side; if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no(20)for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and(21)she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should hear the arguments of(22)from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied(23)what they offer as refutations.
(24)is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them from persons who(25)believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she(26)feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and(27)that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue(28)for their opinions. Their conclusion maybe true, but it might be false for(29)they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from them and considered what such persons may(30); and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess.

问题1选项
A.what
B.how
C.whatever
D.which
问题2选项
A.mistakes
B.errors
C.truth
D.muff
问题3选项
A.conclusion
B.suggestion
C.relation
D.preparation
问题4选项
A.in
B.or
C.on
D.to
问题5选项
A.indispensable
B.dispensable
C.necessary
D.suitable
问题6选项
A.attach
B.attract
C.attribute
D.attain
问题7选项
A.of
B.on
C.with
D.in
问题8选项
A.physical
B.psychological
C.mental
D.corporal
问题9选项
A.And
B.But
C.Then
D.So
问题10选项
A.that
B.what
C.which
D.the
问题11选项
A.silent
B.mute
C.tacit
D.tranquil
问题12选项
A.stand
B.occupy
C.hold
D.seize
问题13选项
A.unbelievable
B.remarkable
C.incredible
D.grandiose
问题14选项
A.make
B.produce
C.kindle
D.cause
问题15选项
A.input
B.impute
C.implicate
D.impulse
问题16选项
A.raised
B.rise
C.rose
D.arisen
问题17选项
A.a little
B.few
C.little
D.a few
问题18选项
A.refuse
B.refute
C.doubt
D.argue
问题19选项
A.same
B.other
C.another
D.opposite
问题20选项
A.land
B.earth
C.ground
D.field
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