American researchers report limited success using gene therapy to treat the genetic blood disease hemophilia.
Hemophilia results when a gene fails to produce the protein needed for the blood to clot, or change from a liquid to a solid. The defective gene is passed from parents to children. People with hemophilia suffer uncontrolled bleeding. This can result in pain, tissue swelling and permanent damage to joints and muscles. One in every ten-thousand males has the most common kind of hemophilia. It is extremely rare for females to have it. Patients can be treated with the missing clotting substance. They generally can lead normal lives.
Scientists say gene therapy may be a possible way to cure hemophilia in the future. Most gene therapies use a virus to place a good copy of a gene into a cell that needs it. The new gene helps the body operate normally. For people with hemophilia, this means that clotting genes placed in the body would result in blood cells that clot normally.
Researchers consider hemophilia the best disease for gene therapy because it is caused by a single defective gene. Also, only a small increase in the missing clotting substance could provide good results. Scientists at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts carried out the experiment. They reported the results in the New England Journal of Medicine. They tested gene therapy in six patients with severe hemophilia.
First, they removed skin cells from the patients’ arms. The researchers grew the cells in the laboratory. The added copies of the needed gene taken from healthy people. Then they created hundreds of millions of genetically changed cells. They placed these cells into the patients’ stomachs. After four months, the amount of blood clotting substance in the blood increased in four of the six patients. Some of the patients reported a decrease in bleeding problems. However, ten months later, the clotting substance was no longer in the patients’ blood. It is not clear if the implanted cells died or the added genes slopped working.
The researchers say the study showed that gene therapy is safe for people with the most common kind of hemophilia. But others expressed concern about the treatment because the effects were only temporary.
1. In a family where the father is with hemophilia, which one is most likely to suffer from it?
2. Which among die following can be a symptom of hemophilia?
3. Which among the following is NOT one step of gene therapy?
4. What does the result of the experiment show?
5. Which is true according to the passage?
问题1选项
A.The son.
B.The daughter.
C.The mother.
D.The son's daughter.
问题2选项
A.Continuous bleeding.
B.Genetic mutation.
C.Cancer.
D.High blood pressure.
问题3选项
A.To get the patient’s original genes from his body cells.
B.To get genes from other healthy people.
C.To develop a new kind of healthy genes from original genes and healthy genes.
D.To directly plant the new genes into the patients’ blood to produce blood clotting substance.
问题4选项
A.Gene therapy has cured some of the hemophilia patients.
B.Gene therapy will be applied widely to the treatment of hemophilia.
C.Gene therapy works effectively, but only temporarily.
D.Gene therapy is proved to be an ineffectively method.
问题5选项
A.Hemophilia is a kind of infectious disease which is spread only among the males.
B.Hemophilia has not been completely cured because the implanted cells died.
C.Gene therapy has already been applied to treat patients.
D.Hemophilia is caused by a single defective gene, which fails to produce blood-clotting substance.
第1题:A
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:D
第1题:
【选项释义】
In a family where the father is with hemophilia, which one is most likely to suffer from it? 在父亲患有血友病的家庭中，哪一个最容易患血友病？
A. The son. A. 儿子。
B. The daughter. B. 女儿。
C. The mother. C. 母亲。
D. The son’s daughter. D. 儿子的女儿。
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位到原文第二段第二句“缺陷基因从父母传给孩子（from parents to children）”以及第二段倒数第二、三句“每万名男性中（males）就有一名患有最常见的血友病。女性（females）极为罕见（extremely rare）”，综上，父亲患有血友病的家庭中，儿子最容易患血友病，选项A符合。
【干扰项排除】
B、C、D选项不符合原文，属于曲解原文。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Which among die following can be a symptom of hemophilia? 以下哪一种死亡可能是血友病的症状？
A. Continuous bleeding. A. 继续出血。
B. Genetic mutation. B. 基因突变。
C. Cancer. C. 癌症。
D. High blood pressure. D. 高血压。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位到原文第二段第三句“血友病患者遭受无法控制的出血（suffer uncontrolled bleeding）”，所以选项A正确。
【干扰项排除】
B、C、D选项原文没有提及，属于无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Which among the following is NOT one step of gene therapy? 以下哪一个不是基因治疗的一个步骤？
A. To get the patient’s original genes from his body cells. A. 从病人的体细胞中提取他的原始基因。
B. To get genes from other healthy people. B. 从其他健康人身上获取基因。
C. To develop a new kind of healthy genes from original genes and healthy genes. C. 从原有基因和健康基因中发展出一种新的健康基因。
D. To directly plant the new genes into the patients’ blood to produce blood clotting substance. D. 将新基因直接植入病人的血液中，产生凝血物质。
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位到第五段第五句“他们将这些细胞放入患者的胃中（patients’ stomachs）”，由此可知，选项D表述不对，不是基因治疗的一个步骤。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“从病人的体细胞中提取他的原始基因”，符合原文第五段第一句“他们从患者手臂上移除皮肤细胞”，该选项属于反向干扰；
B选项“从其他健康人身上获取基因”，符合原文第五段第三句“从健康人身上获得的所需基因的附加拷贝”，该选项属于反向干扰；
C选项“从原有基因和健康基因中发展出一种新的健康基因”，符合原文第五段第四句“然后他们创造了数亿个基因改变的细胞”，该选项属于反向干扰。
第4题:
【选项释义】
What does the result of the experiment show? 实验结果说明了什么？
A. Gene therapy has cured some of the hemophilia patients. A. 基因疗法已经治愈了一些血友病患者。
B. Gene therapy will be applied widely to the treatment of hemophilia. B. 基因治疗将广泛应用于血友病的治疗。
C. Gene therapy works effectively, but only temporarily. C. 基因疗法有效，但只是暂时的。
D. Gene therapy is proved to be an ineffectively method. D. 基因治疗被证明是一种无效的方法。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位到原文最后一段“基因疗法（gene therapy）对最常见的血友病患者是安全的（safe）。但其他人对这种治疗表示担忧，因为这种疗效只是暂时的（temporary）”，由此可知，选项C符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A、B选项原文没有提及，属于无中生有；
D选项“基因治疗被证明是一种无效的方法”，不符合原文最后一段的说法，也不符合原文第一段提到的“limited success”，该选项属于曲解原文。
第5题:
【选项释义】
Which is true according to the passage? 根据文章，哪个是正确的？
A. Hemophilia is a kind of infectious disease which is spread only among the males. A. 血友病是一种只在男性中传播的传染病。
B. Hemophilia has not been completely cured because the implanted cells died. B. 血友病还没有完全治愈，因为植入的细胞已经死亡。
C. Gene therapy has already been applied to treat patients. C. 基因疗法已经被应用于治疗患者。
D. Hemophilia is caused by a single defective gene, which fails to produce blood-clotting substance. D. 血友病是由一个有缺陷的基因引起的，该基因不能产生凝血物质。
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位到原文第二段第一句提到“血友病是由于一个基因（a gene）不能产生（fails to produce）血液凝结（the blood to clot）所需的蛋白质……”，所以选项D符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“血友病是一种只在男性中传播的传染病”，不符合第二段倒数第二、三句提到的“每万名男性中（males）就有一名患有最常见的血友病。女性（females）极为罕见（extremely rare）”，属于曲解原文；
B选项“血友病还没有完全治愈，因为植入的细胞已经死亡”，不符合原文第五段最后一句提到的“目前尚不清楚（not clear）植入的细胞是否死亡（died）或添加的基因是否起作用”，该选项属于过度推断；
C选项“基因疗法已经被应用于治疗患者”，原文第三段第一句提到“科学家说，基因疗法可能是未来（in the future）治愈血友病的一种可能的方法（a possible way）”，所以该选项属于曲解原文。
