Occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living. The making and selling of drugs have a long history and are closely linked, like medical practice itself, with the belief in magic. Only during the last hundred years or so has the development of scientific techniques made it possible for some of the causes of symptoms to be understood, so that more accurate diagnosis has become possible. The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis of many illnesses with specific treatment of their causes. In many other illnesses, of which the causes remain unknown, it is still limited, like the unqualified prescriber, to the treatment of symptoms. The doctor is trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and when to attack the cause: this is the essential difference between medical prescribing and self-medication.
The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of medicine, including the development of scientific drug therapy. In many countries public health organization is improving and people’s nutritional standards have risen. Parallel with such beneficial trends have two adverse effects. One is the use of high-pressure advertising by the pharmaceutical industry, which has tended to influence both patients and doctors and has led to the overuse of drugs generally. The other is the emergence of the sedentary society with its faulty ways of life: lack of exercise, over-eating, unsuitable eating, insufficient sleep, excessive smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising from faulty habits such as these, as well as from unhappy human relationships, often resort to self-medication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the list. Advertisers go to great lengths to catch this market.
Clever advertising, aimed at chronic sufferers who will try anything because doctors have not been able to cure them, can induce such in a preparation, particularly if steeply priced, that it will produce-by suggestion-a very real effect in some people. Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time.
These are the main reasons why laxatives, indigestion remedies, painkillers, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a person’s health; it may even make it worse. Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical help may not be sought.
1. The first paragraph is intended to ______.
2. Advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaints because ______.
3. Paragraphs 2 and 3 explain ______.
4. The author tells us in paragraph 4 ______.
5. The best title for the passage would be ______.
问题1选项
A.suggest that self-medication has long history
B.define what diagnosis means exactly
C.praise doctors for their expertise
D.tell the symptoms from the causes
问题2选项
A.they often watch ads on TV
B.they are more likely to buy the drugs advertised
C.they generally lead a sedentary life
D.they don’t take to sports and easily catch colds
问题3选项
A.those good things are not without side effects
B.Why clever advertising is so powerful
C.Why in modern times self-medication is still practised
D.why people develop faulty ways of life
问题4选项
A.the reasons for keeping medicines at home
B.people’s doubt about taking drugs
C.what kind of medicine people should prepare at home
D.the possible harms self-medication may do to people
问题5选项
A.Medical Practice
B.Clever Advertising
C.Self-Medication
D.Self-Treatment
第1题:A
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:C
第1题:
【选项释义】
The first paragraph is intended to ______. 第一段的目的是______。
A. suggest that self-medication has long history A. 说明自我药物治疗由来已久
B. define what diagnosis means exactly B. 准确定义诊断的含义
C. praise doctors for their expertise C. 赞扬医生的专业知识
D. tell the symptoms from the causes D. 区分症状和原因
【考查点】细节推测题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词可定位到原文第一段“毒品的制造和销售有着悠久的历史,就像医疗实践本身一样,与对魔法的信仰密切相关。”,(The making and selling of drugs have a long history and are closely linked, like medical practice itself, with the belief in magic.),说明自我药物治疗由来已久,因此本题正确答案为选项A。
【干扰项排除】
B选项原文第一段并没有提到诊断的含义,属于无中生有;
C选项原文第一段并没有提到医生的专业知识,更加没有进行赞扬,属于无中生有;
D选项对应原文第一段最后一句“医生被训练来决定什么时候只治疗症状,什么时候治疗原因:这是药物处方和自我用药之间的根本区别”(The doctor is trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and when to attack the cause: this is the essential difference between medical prescribing and self-medication.)并没有区分症状和原因,属于以偏概全。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaints because ______. 广告针对的是那些患有轻微疾病的人,因为______。
A. they often watch ads on TV A. 他们经常在电视上看广告
B. they are more likely to buy the drugs advertised B. 他们更有可能购买广告上的药品
C. they generally lead a sedentary life C. 他们通常过着久坐不动的生活
D. they don’t take to sports and easily catch colds D. 他们不喜欢运动,很容易感冒
【考查点】细节推测题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到原文第二段倒数第二句“由于这些不良习惯以及不愉快的人际关系而导致精神障碍的人,通常会采取自我治疗的方式,因此将服用药物列为一项”(People with disorders arising from faulty habits such as these, as well as from unhappy human relationships, often resort to self-medication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the list.)以及第三段最后一句“广告也针对患有轻微疾病的人,如单纯的感冒和咳嗽,这些症状会在短时间内自行消失。”(Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time.),可以推测出做广告的目的是要吸引顾客买他们的药品,而且一般只是得了轻微的感冒、咳嗽的人会根据广告自己买药治病,因此本题正确答案为选项B。
【干扰项排除】
A、D选项原文并没有提及,属于无中生有;
C选项对应原文第二段第五句“另一个是久坐的社会的出现”(The other is the emergence of the sedentary society with its faulty ways of life),但这是患病的原因,不是广告的原因。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Paragraphs 2 and 3 explain ______. 第2段和第3段解释了______。
A. those good things are not without side effects A. 这些好东西并非没有副作用
B. why clever advertising is so powerful B. 为什么聪明的广告如此强大
C. why in modern times self-medication is still practised C. 为什么自我治疗在现代仍然被使用
D. why people develop faulty ways of life D. 为什么人们会养成错误的生活方式
【考查点】细节推测题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词可精确定位到原文第二段和第三段“科技的进步给医学的某些领域带来了很大的进步,包括科学药物治疗的发展。在许多国家,公共卫生组织正在改善,人们的营养标准也有所提高。与这种有利趋势并行的是两种不利影响。一是制药行业使用高压广告,这往往会影响患者和医生,并导致药物的过度使用。另一个是久坐社会的出现及其错误的生活方式:缺乏锻炼,过度饮食,不适当的饮食,睡眠不足,过度吸烟和饮酒。由于诸如此类的不良习惯以及不愉快的人际关系而导致的疾病患者,往往会求助于自我治疗,因此将服用药物列入了清单。广告商竭尽全力抓住这个市场。
针对那些因为医生无法治愈他们而尝试任何方法的慢性患者的巧妙广告,可以诱导这种制剂,特别是如果价格高昂,它将通过建议在一些人身上产生非常真实的效果。广告也针对那些患有轻微症状的人,比如简单的感冒和咳嗽,这些症状在短时间内就会自行消失。”(The advance of technology…within a short time.),通读两段可以发现其主要论述了现在依然存在自我药疗的原因:医生很难治愈人们不良的生活习惯造成的亚健康状态,因此本题正确答案为选项C。
【干扰项排除】
A选项原文并没有讲到它有没有副作用,属于无中生有;
B选项原文没有提到它为什么如此强大,属于无中生有;
D选项原文没有提到养成错误的生活方式的原因,属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
The author tells us in paragraph 4 ______. 作者在第4段告诉我们______。
A. the reasons for keeping medicines at home A. 把药品放在家里的原因
B. people’s doubt about taking drugs B. 人们对于服用药物的怀疑
C. what kind of medicine people should prepare at home C. 人们应该在家里准备什么样的药
D. the possible harms self-medication may do to people D. 自我药物治疗可能对人们造成的伤害
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到原文第四段“服用这些东西是否会改善一个人的健康,这是值得怀疑的;这甚至可能使情况变得更糟。更糟的是因为制剂可能含有不合适的成分;更糟的是因为接受者可能会变得依赖他们;更糟的是因为它们可能被过度使用;更糟糕的是它们可能会引起中毒,更糟糕的是一些严重的潜在原因的症状可能会被掩盖,因此可能不会寻求医疗帮助。”(It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a person’s health; it may even make it worse. Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical help may not be sought.),从几个带有worse的并列句可以推知,自我药疗对人们有潜在的危害,因此本题正确答案为选项D。
【干扰项排除】
A选项对应原文第四段第一句“这些是许多家庭存在大量泻药、消化不良药物、止痛药、补品、维生素和铁片以及许多其他制剂的主要原因。”(These are the main reasons why laxatives, indigestion remedies, painkillers, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. ),但这句话解释的是第三段广告针对人群出现的原因,属于张冠李戴;
B选项对应原文第四段第二句“服用这些药物是否能改善一个人的健康还值得怀疑”(It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a person’s health),原文提到的是对于恢复健康的怀疑,而不是对于服用药物的怀疑;
C选项对应原文第四段第一句“这些是许多家庭存在大量泻药、消化不良药物、止痛药、补品、维生素和铁片以及许多其他制剂的主要原因。”(These are the main reasons…in many households. ),并没有提到人们应该在家里准备什么样的药。
第5题:
【选项释义】
The best title for the passage would be ______. 这篇文章最好的标题是______。
A. Medical Practice A. 医疗实践
B. Clever Advertising B. 创意街头广告
C. Self-Medication C. 自我药疗
D. Self-Treatment D. 自我治疗
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】根据题意可知本题需要通读全文,文章第一段第一句提到“偶尔自我药疗一直是正常生活的一部分。”(Occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living.)、第二段第一句提到“技术的进步在一些医学领域带来了很大的进步,包括科学药物治疗的发展。”(The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of medicine, including the development of scientific drug therapy.)以及第四段多次提到的“worse”一词可知全文是围绕自我药疗(self-medication)展开论述的,介绍了它的历史、现状以及危害等,因此本题正确答案为选项C。
【干扰项排除】
A选项原文并没有提到医疗实践,属于无中生有;
B选项对应原文第三段第一句“聪明的广告,针对那些因为医生无法治愈他们而愿意尝试任何方法的慢性患者,可以诱导一种制剂,尤其是价格高昂的制剂,通过暗示,对某些人产生非常真实的效果。”(Clever advertising…in some people.),创意街头广告是第三段描述的内容,但并不是全文主旨,属于以偏概全;
D选项原文提到的是自我药疗,而不是自我治疗,属于反向干扰。