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The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term “plant neurobiology” was _1_ around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be _2_ to intelligence in animals. _3_ plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that _4_ consciousness, researchers previously reported.
But such an idea is untrue, according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it _5_ so greatly from that of animals that so-called _6_ of plants’ intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.
Beginning in 2006, some scientists have _7_ that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, _8_ “a plant nervous system, _9_ to that in animals,” said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, “They _10_ claimed that plants have ‘brain-like command centers’ at their root tips.”
This _11_ makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain, _12_ it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals. _13_, the signaling in a plant is only _14_ similar to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than “a mass of cells that communicate by electricity,” Taiz said.
“For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold _15_ of complexity and capacity is required,” he _16_. “Since plants don’t have nervous systems, the _17_ that they have consciousness are effectively zero.”
And what’s so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants can’t run away from _18_, so investing energy in a body system which _19_ a threat and can feel pain would be a very _20_ evolutionary strategy, according to the article.

问题1选项
A.coined
B.discovered
C.collected
D.issued
问题2选项
A.attributed
B.directed
C.compared
D.confined
问题3选项
A.Unless
B.When
C.Once
D.Though
问题4选项
A.cope with
B.consisted of
C.hinted at
D.extended to
问题5选项
A.suffers
B.benefits
C.develops
D.differs
问题6选项
A.acceptance
B.evidence
C.cultivation
D.creation
问题7选项
A.doubted
B.denied
C.argued
D.requested
问题8选项
A.adapting
B.forming
C.repairing
D.testing
问题9选项
A.analogous
B.essential
C.suitable
D.sensitive
问题10选项
A.just
B.ever
C.still
D.even
问题11选项
A.restriction
B.experiment
C.perspective
D.demand
问题12选项
A.attaching
B.reducing
C.returning
D.exposing
问题13选项
A.However
B.Moreover
C.Therefore
D.Otherwise
问题14选项
A.temporarily
B.literally
C.superficially
D.imaginarily
问题15选项
A.list
B.level
C.label
D.load
问题16选项
A.recalled
B.agreed
C.questioned
D.added
问题17选项
A.chances
B.risks
C.excuses
D.assumptions
问题18选项
A.danger
B.failure
C.warning
D.control
问题19选项
A.represents
B.includes
C.reveals
D.recognizes
问题20选项
A.humble
B.poor
C.practical
D.easy
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