There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language—all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we’re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we’re slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.
1. A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when _____.
2. In the author’s eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would _____.
3.When the author says “a new way of being” (Para. 3) he is referring to _____.
4. For personal growth, the author advocates all of the following except _____.
问题1选项
A.he has given up his smoking habit
B.he has made great efforts in his work
C.he is keen on learning anything new
D.he has tried to determine where he is on his journey
问题2选项
A.succeed in climbing up the social ladder
B.judge his ability to grow from his own achievements
C.face difficulties and take up challenges
D.aim high and reach his goal each time
问题3选项
A.a new approach to experiencing the world
B.a new way of taking risks
C.a new method of perceiving ourselves
D.a new system of adaptation to change
问题4选项
A.curiosity about more chances
B.promptness in self-adaptation
C.open-mindedness to new experiences
D.avoidance of internal fears and doubts
第1题:
【选项释义】
A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when _____. 通常认为，当_____时，一个人就实现了个人成长。
A. he has given up his smoking habit A. 他戒掉了烟瘾
B. he has made great efforts in his work B. 他在工作中付出了巨大努力
C. he is keen on learning anything new C. 他热衷于学习新知识
D. he has tried to determine where he is on his journey D. 他努力确定自己在人生旅途中的位置
【考查点】判断推理题。
【解题思路】根据第一段信息：There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language—all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts（人们对成长有两种基本看法：一是将其视作结果；一是将其视为过程。人们通常把个人成长看作是易于识别和测量的外在结果或成果。获得晋升的工人、成绩提高的学生、学会一门新语言的外国人——所有这些都是人们付出了努力后，取得了可以衡量的结果的例子），可知：人们通常将成长看作是可以衡量的外在结果或成果，举的例子表明这些结果是通过努力获得的。由此可推断：“他戒掉了烟瘾”可以看出他实现了个人成长，因为这是通过努力获得的，且又可以衡量的外在结果，所以正确答案为A选项。
【干扰项排除】
B、C、D选项描述的都是“过程”，而非“可以衡量的外在结果”，与题干所问的人们通常的看法无关，属于答非所问。
第2题:
【选项释义】
In the author’s eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would _____. 在作者眼中，一个把个人成长看作是一个过程的人将会_____。
A. succeed in climbing up the social ladder A. 成功地攀登了社会阶级
B. judge his ability to grow from his own achievements B. 从自己的成就中判断自己的成长能力
C. face difficulties and take up challenges C. 面对困难，迎接挑战
D. aim high and reach his goal each time D. 目标高远，每次都能达到目标
【考查点】判断推理题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词personal growth as a process可以确定答案所在区域为第二段。根据第二段关键信息：The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept（这个过程不是道路本身，而是人们在遇到新的经历和意想不到的障碍时的态度和感受、谨慎或勇气。在这个过程中，旅程永远不会真正结束；总是有新的方式去体验世界，有新的想法去尝试，有新的挑战去接受），由此可推断：光污染的来源是“人造光”，所以正确答案为C选项。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“成功地攀登了社会阶级”，该选项描述的是一个结果，而非过程，与题干无关，属于答非所问；
B选项“从自己的成就中判断自己的成长能力”，该选项表明根据自己所取得的成就进行判断，可推断该选项符合“把成长看作结果”的观点，该选项属于张冠李戴；
D选项“目标高远，每次都能达到目标”，根据第二段第一句：By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way（相比之下，个人成长的过程则更难确定，因为从定义上讲，它是一段旅程，而不是沿途的具体路标或地标），而该选项所说的目标对应的就是一个具体的路标或地标，属于曲解原文。
第3题:
【选项释义】
When the author says “a new way of being” (Para. 3) he is referring to _____. 当作者说“一种新的生存方式”（第3段）时，他指的是_____。
A. a new approach to experiencing the world A. 体验世界的新方式
B. a new way of taking risks B. 承担风险的新方式
C. a new method of perceiving ourselves C. 认识自己的新方法
D. a new system of adaptation to change D. 适应变化的新系统
【考查点】语义推测题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词Para. 3可以确定答案所在区域为第三段。根据第三段第一句：In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow（为了成长，为了踏上新的道路，人们需要愿意承担风险，愿意面对未知，愿意接受一开始“失败”的可能性。在尝试新的生存方式时，我们如何看待自己，对我们的成长能力至关重要），可知此处的“尝试新的生存方式”，呼应的前文所说的踏上新的道路的体验，也就是“体验世界的新方式”，所以正确答案为A选项。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“一种承担风险的新方式”，根据第三段第一句：In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first（为了成长，为了踏上新的道路，人们需要愿意承担风险，愿意面对未知，愿意接受一开始“失败”的可能性），可知“承担风险”只是体验新世界的一个小方面，该选项属于以偏概全；
C选项“一种认识自己的新方法”，根据第三段后文几个问句及其回答，可知是对“我们如何看待自己”做出的阐释，也就是关于认识自己的方法，该选项属于以偏概全；
D选项“一种适应变化的新系统”，原文没有提及，属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
For personal growth, the author advocates all of the following except _____. 对于个人成长，作者主张以下所有的做法，除了_____。
A. curiosity about more chances A. 对更多机会的好奇心
B. promptness in self-adaptation B. 迅速自我适应
C. open-mindedness to new experiences C. 对新体验持开放态度
D. avoidance of internal fears and doubts D. 避免内心的恐惧和疑虑
【考查点】观点态度题。
【解题思路】根据第四段第一句：These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow（要想改变和成长，这些不安全感和自我怀疑是不可避免的，也是必要的），可知作者认为：在个人成长中，不安全感和自我怀疑是不可避免的，也是必要的，由此可推断“避免内心的恐惧和疑虑”是作者不主张的做法，所以正确答案为D选项。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“对更多机会的好奇心”，根据第三段关键信息：Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences（我们是否认为自己思维敏捷、好奇心强？如果是，那么我们往往会抓住更多的机会，对陌生的经历持更开放的态度），可知该选项符合作者的观点，属于反向干扰；
B选项“迅速自我适应”，根据第三段关键信息：Do we think we’re slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all（我们是否认为自己适应变化的速度太慢，或者认为自己不够聪明，无法应对新的挑战？那么，我们很可能会扮演一个更加被动的角色，或者根本不去尝试），结合下一段作者说不安全感和自我怀疑是不可避免的，并且要正视它们，可知该句的假设“认为自己适应变化的速度太慢”是作者不认同的，由此可推断“迅速自我适应”是作者主张的做法，该选项属于反向干扰；
C选项“对新体验持开放态度”，根据第三段关键信息：If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences（如果是，那么我们往往会抓住更多的机会，对陌生的经历持更开放的态度），可知该选项符合作者的观点，属于反向干扰。
