Socrates gives us a basic insight into the nature of teaching when he compares the art of teaching to the ancient craft of the midwife. Just as the midwife assists the body to give birth to new life, so the teacher assists the mind to deliver itself of ideas, knowledge, and understanding. The essential notion here is that teaching is a humble, helping art. The teacher does not produce knowledge or stuff ideas into an empty, passive mind. It is the learner, not the teacher, who is the active producer of knowledge and ideas.
The ancients distinguish the skills of the physician and the farmer from those of the shoemaker and the house builder. Aristotle calls medicine and agriculture cooperative arts, because they work with nature to achieve results that nature is able to produce by itself. Shoes and houses would not exist unless men produced them; but the living body attains health without the intervention of doctors, and plants and animals grow without the aid of farmers. The skilled physician or farmer simply makes health or growth more certain and regular.
Teaching, like farming and healing, is a cooperative art which helps nature do what it can do itself — though not as well without it. We have all learned many things without the aid of a teacher. Some exceptional individuals have acquired wide learning and deep insight with very little formal schooling. But for most of us the process of learning is made more certain and less painful when we have a teacher’s help.
One basic aspect of teaching is not found in the other two cooperative arts that work with organic nature. Teaching always involves a relation between the mind of one person and the mind of another. The teacher is not merely a talking book, a living phonograph record, broadcast to an unknown audience. He enters into a dialogue with his student. This dialogue goes far beyond mere “talk,” for a good deal of what is taught is transmitted almost unconsciously m the personal interchange between teacher and student. We might get by with encyclopedias, phonograph records, and TV broadcasts if it were not for this intangible element, which is present in every good teacher-student relation.
Speaking simply and in the broadest sense, the teacher shows the student how to find out, evaluate, judge, and recognize the truth. He does not impose a fixed content of ideas and doctrines that the student must learn by rote. He teaches the student how to learn and think for himself. He encourages rather than suppresses a critical and intelligent response.
The student’s response and growth is the only reward suitable for such a labor of love. Teaching, the highest of the cooperative arts, is devoted to the good of others. It is an act of supreme generosity. St. Augustine calls it the greatest act of charity.
1. Socrates compares the art of teaching to the ancient craft of the midwife, because ( ).
2. The skills of the physician and the farmer differ from those of the shoemaker and the house builder in that ( ).
3. The chief difference between a teacher and a farmer is that ( ).
4. According to the passage the role of a teacher is ( ).
问题1选项
A.both teaching and midwifery are lowly professions
B.the teacher delivers knowledge while the midwife delivers the baby
C.both the body and the mind are of equal importance
D.both the teacher and the midwife playa helping role
问题2选项
A.healing and fanning demand greater skill
B.healing and fanning playa more important role in society
C.healing and farming need the cooperation of nature
D.healing and farming command more respect
问题3选项
A.teaching involves interaction between two minds
B.farming involves working with organic nature
C.teaching transmits knowledge which is intangible
D.farming produces crops which are tangible
问题4选项
A.to evaluate, judge, and recognize the truth
B.to make the student memorize what he teaches
C.to impose his ideas and doctrines on the student
D.to encourage critical thinking in the student
第1题:
【选项释义】
Socrates compares the art of teaching to the ancient craft of the midwife, because ( ). 苏格拉底把教学艺术比作古代助产士的技艺,因为( )。
A. both teaching and midwifery are lowly professions A. 教师和助产士都是低级职业
B. the teacher delivers knowledge while the midwife delivers the baby B. 老师传授知识,助产士接生婴儿
C. both the body and the mind are of equal importance C. 身体和精神同等重要
D. both the teacher and the midwife playa helping role D. 老师和助产士都起到了帮助的作用
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词he art of teaching to the ancient craft of the midwife定位文章第一段首句Socrates gives us a basic insight into the nature of teaching when he compares the art of teaching to the ancient craft of the midwife.(苏格拉底将教学艺术比作古老的助产士技艺,让我们对教学的本质有了基本的了解),结合该段第二句Just as the midwife assists the body to give birth to new life, so the teacher assists the mind to deliver itself of ideas, knowledge, and understanding.(就像助产士帮助身体孕育新生命一样,老师帮助心灵传递思想、知识和理解),可知苏格拉底之所以提出这样的比喻是因为“老师和助产士都起到了帮助的作用”,因此D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、C选项均未在文中体现,属于无中生有;
B选项“老师传授知识,助产士接生婴儿”是表层含义,并不是真正的原因,属于以偏概全。
第2题:
【选项释义】
The skills of the physician and the farmer differ from those of the shoemaker and the house builder in that ( ). 医生和农民的技能与鞋匠和房屋建造者的技能是不同的,因为( )。
A. healing and fanning demand greater skill A. 治疗和扇风需要更高的技能
B. healing and fanning playa more important role in society B. 治疗和扇风在社会中扮演着更重要的角色
C. healing and farming need the cooperation of nature C. 治疗和耕种需要自然的配合
D. healing and farming command more respect D. 治疗和耕种得到更多的尊重
【答案】C
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据选项关键词the cooperation of nature定位文章第二段第二句Aristotle calls medicine and agriculture cooperative arts, because they work with nature to achieve results that nature is able to produce by itself.(亚里士多德称医学和农业为合作艺术,因为它们与自然合作,以达到自然能够自行产生的结果),the cooperation of nature与work with nature相吻合,可知C选项“治疗和耕种需要自然的配合”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、D选项均未在文中体现,属于无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
The chief difference between a teacher and a farmer is that ( ). 教师和农民的主要区别是( )。
A. teaching involves interaction between two minds A. 教学涉及两种思想的交流
B. farming involves working with organic nature B. 农业涉及与有机自然打交道
C. teaching transmits knowledge which is intangible C. 教学传递的是无形的知识
D. farming produces crops which are tangible D. 农业生产的是有形的作物
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据选项关键词teaching和mind定位文章第四段第二句Teaching always involves a relation between the mind of one person and the mind of another.(教学总是涉及一个人的思想和另一个人的思想之间的关系)可知A选项“教学涉及两种思想的交流”正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“农业涉及与有机自然打交道”,根据文章第二段第三句可知教育与农业一样都是需要和自然相互配合、合作的艺术,因此并不是二者的区别,而是共同点,属于反向干扰;
C、D选项均未在文中体现,属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
According to the passage the role of a teacher is ( ). 根据文章内容,老师的角色能( )。
A. to evaluate, judge, and recognize the truth A. 评估、判断和认识真理
B. to make the student memorize what he teaches B. 让学生记住他教的东西
C. to impose his ideas and doctrines on the student C. 把他的思想和学说强加给学生
D. to encourage critical thinking in the student D. 鼓励学生的批判性思维
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据选项关键词critical定位文章倒数第二段最后一句He encourages rather than suppresses a critical and intelligent response.(他鼓励而不是压制批判性和明智的回应),可知D选项“鼓励学生的批判性思维”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“评估、判断和认识真理”在文章倒数第二段有所体现,但并不是文章所想要表达的主要观点,属于以偏概全;
B、C选项,根据文章倒数第二段可知均与文章表述相反,属于反向干扰。