Though few patients realize it, many doctors receive thousands of dollars from pharmaceutical companies for each patient enrolled in an experimental drug trial. The medication might be the best thing for the patient’s condition. The doctor’s motives might be pure. But patients should be able to find out about such payments so they can discuss them with their doctors and decide for themselves whether the doctor’s participation in an experiment might compromise his medical advice.
A provision of the 2010 healthcare reform law should bring new transparency about these and other corporate payments to physicians—including lavish dinners, gifts and industry-sponsored conventions that are more luxury vacations than medical conferences—by publishing the information in an online database. But the final regulations to implement the Physician Payment Sunshine Act were supposed to be published in October 2011; the database was supposed to go live later this year. Instead, the regulations are 15 months overdue.
As with the new food-safety act regulations, the sunshine rules have been drawn up by the appropriate agency but have been held up by the Office of Management and Budget. One theory for the delay, advanced by critics of the administration, is that President Obama wanted to avoid issuing regulations during election season, when the extent of government’s reach was a contentious issue. That would be a poor excuse, if true. In any case, the election is over; at this point the delay smacks more of bureaucratic inefficiency than political expediency.
Most physicians put their patients’ well-being first, but a study showed that doctors who receive food from a company are more likely to prescribe that company’s products, even though they might not be doing it consciously.
The sunshine act isn’t as strong as it should have been. Ideally, doctors would be the ones doing the divulging, making information about payments and gifts they have received readily available in their examining rooms. Not all patients will know about the online database or possess the savvy to use it. But the rules nonetheless are expected to influence behavior; public disclosure will make both physicians and drug companies more circumspect.
One question in the minds of consumer advocates is how much disclosure will reveal. For instance, if a company gives a doctor a large sum to lead a drug trial and that doctor spreads the money among other physicians who enroll patients, it’s unclear whether those payments would be reported as coming from the drug company.
54. .It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that （ ）.
55. From pharmaceutical companies, physicians may receive （ ）.
56. .This passage was published around （ ）.
57. .Which of the following is TRUE about the Sunshine Act?
58. .The word “circumspect” in Paragraph 5 most probably means （ ）.
59. .According to the author, the sunshine act is not as strong as it should have been because （ ）.
问题1选项
A.patients may not know the doctors can benefit from the drug trial
B.doctors and patients took the experiment for mutual benefits
C.patients may not be willing to participate in the experiment
D.doctors prescribed expensive drugs for the patients
问题2选项
A.research opportunities
B.dinner invitations
C.sponsorship
D.gift cards
问题3选项
A.September 2010
B.December 2012
C.February 2013
D.October 2011
问题4选项
A.It was drafted by the Office of Management and Budget.
B.It was published together with the new food-safety act.
C.It was delayed because of bureaucratic inefficiency.
D.It was criticized by the Obama administration.
问题5选项
A.cautious
B.suspicious
C.competitive
D.influential
问题6选项
A.Obama’s administration is not supportive
B.some physicians enroll too many patients
C.sources of doctors’ payments are not clear
D.not all patients know how to use the database
第1题:A
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:C
第5题:A
第6题:D
第1题:
【选项释义】
It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that（ ）. 从第一段可以推断出（ ）。
A.patients may not know the doctors can benefit from the drug trial A.病人可能不知道医生可以从药物实验中获益
B.doctors and patients took the experiment for mutual benefits B.医生和病人为了共同的利益而进行实验
C.patients may not be willing to participate in the experiment C.病人可能不愿意参加实验
D.doctors prescribed expensive drugs for the patients D.医生给病人开了昂贵的药
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词Paragraph 1可以定位到文章第一段第一句“虽然很少有患者意识到这一点（few patients realize it），但是许多医生因每名患者参加一项实验性药物试验而从制药公司那里获得数千美元的报酬（many doctors receive thousands of dollars from pharmaceutical companies）”，说明医生会因患者参加实验性药物试验而获得报酬，但患者并不知道这一点。因此A选项“病人可能不知道医生可以从药物实验中获益”正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“医生和病人为了共同的利益而进行实验”，由Though few patients realize it, many doctors receive thousands of dollars from pharmaceutical companies for each patient enrolled in an experimental drug trial.（虽然很少有患者意识到这一点，但是许多医生因每名患者参加一项实验性药物试验而从制药公司那里获得数千美元的报酬。）可知，病人和医生参与实验没有共同的利益，属于反向干扰；
C选项“病人可能不愿意参加实验”，由The medication might be the best thing for the patient’s condition.（这种药物可能是患者病况的最佳治疗方式。）可知，病人是可能愿意参加实验的，属于反向干扰；
D选项“医生给病人开了昂贵的药”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
From pharmaceutical companies, physicians may receive（ ）. 医生可以从制药公司获得（ ）。
A.research opportunities A.研究机会
B.dinner invitations B.晚宴邀请
C.sponsorship C.赞助
D.gift cards D.礼品卡
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词physicians may receive可以定位到文章第二段第一句“2010年医疗改革法的一项规定应通过网上数据库中 公布这些信息，使这些信息和其他企业向医生支付的费用——包括豪华晚宴、礼物和行业赞助的会议（including lavish dinners, gifts and industry-sponsored conventions），这些会议与其说是医学会议，不如说是豪华度假——变得更加透明”，说明医生可以从制药公司获得参加豪华晚宴的邀请。因此B选项“晚宴邀请”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“研究机会”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
C选项“赞助”，由industry-sponsored conventions（行业赞助的会议）可知，文章说的是行业赞助会议，而不是制药公司赞助医生，属于偷换概念；
D选项“礼品卡”，由including lavish dinners, gifts（包括豪华晚宴、礼物）可知，医生可以从制药公司获得礼物而不是礼品卡，属于偷换概念。
第3题:
【选项释义】
This passage was published around（ ）. 这篇文章大约发表于（ ）。
A.September 2010 A.2010年9月
B.December 2012 B.2012年12月
C.February 2013 C.2013年2月
D.October 2011 D.2011年10月
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词published可以定位到文章第二段倒数第一、二句说到“实施《医生报酬阳光法案》的最终规定原定于2011年10月发布（be published in October 2011），数据库原计划于今年晚些时候上线。但是，规定已经逾期了15个月（the regulations are 15 months overdue）”，说明文章发表的时间是2011年10月的15个月后，即2013年2月。因此C选项“2013年2月”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“2010年9月”和B选项“2012年12月”在文中无法体现，属于无中生有；
D选项“2011年10月”，由the final regulations to implement the Physician Payment Sunshine Act were supposed to be published in October 2011（实施《医生报酬阳光法案》的最终规定原定于2011年10月发布）可知，2011年10月是《医生报酬阳光法案》发布的时间，不是这篇文章发布的时间，属于张冠李戴。
第4题:
【选项释义】
Which of the following is TRUE about the Sunshine Act? 关于《阳光法案》，以下哪项是正确的？
A.It was drafted by the Office of Management and Budget. A.它是由管理和预算办公室起草的。
B.It was published together with the new food-safety act. B.它与新的《食品安全法》一起公布。
C.It was delayed because of bureaucratic inefficiency. C.由于官僚主义的低效率而被推迟。
D.It was criticized by the Obama administration. D.受到奥巴马政府的批评。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词Sunshine Act可以定位到文章第三段最后一句“目前的延迟更像是官僚效率问题（the delay smacks more of bureaucratic inefficiency）而不是政治上的权宜之计”，说明《阳光法案》是因为官僚效率问题而延迟的。因此C选项“由于官僚主义的低效率而被推迟。”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“它是由管理和预算办公室起草的。”，由but have been held up by the Office of Management and Budget（但一直被管理和预算办公室搁置）可知，管理和预算办公室搁置了《阳光法案》，而不是起草它，属于反向干扰；
B选项“它与新的《食品安全法》一起公布。”，由As with the new food-safety act regulations, the sunshine rules have been drawn up by the appropriate agency（与新的《食品安全法》一样，《阳光法案》已由相关机构起草）可知，《阳光法案》与新的《食品安全法》一样被相关机构起草，而不是一起公布，属于曲解原文；
D选项“受到奥巴马政府的批评。”，由One theory for the delay, advanced by critics of the administration, is that President Obama wanted to avoid issuing regulations during election season（奥巴马政府的批评者提出的一种延迟的说法是，奥巴马总统希望避免在选举季发布法规）可知，是批评者批评奥巴马政府，而不是奥巴马政府批评该法案，属于偷换概念。
第5题:
【选项释义】
The word “circumspect” in Paragraph 5 most probably means（ ）. 第五段中的“circumspect”一词最可能的意思是（ ）。
A.cautious A.谨慎
B.suspicious B.怀疑
C.competitive C.竞争
D.influential D.有影响力
【考查点】词汇推断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词circumspect可以定位到文章第五段最后一句“公开披露将使医生和制药公司更加circumspect”，上文说到“尽管如此，这些规定仍有望影响人们的行为（are expected to influence behavior）”，说明公开披露这些信息会让医生和制药公司对送礼收礼的行为更加谨慎。因此A选项“谨慎”正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“怀疑”、C选项“竞争”和D选项“有影响力”在文中均无法体现，属于无中生有。
第6题:
【选项释义】
According to the author, the sunshine act is not as strong as it should have been because（ ）. 根据作者的说法，《阳光法案》没有它应有的力度，因为（ ）。
A.Obama’s administration is not supportive A.奥巴马政府不支持
B.some physicians enroll too many patients B.一些医生招收了太多的病人
C.sources of doctors’ payments are not clear C.医生的收入来源不明确
D.not all patients know how to use the database D.并非所有患者都知道如何使用数据库
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词not as strong as it should have been可以定位到文章第五段第一句“《阳光法案》并不像它应该的那样强有力（isn’t as strong as it should have been）”，接着第三句解释了原因“并不是所有的患者都会知道在线数据库或具备使用它的能力（Not all patients will know about the online database or possess the savvy to use it）”，说明《阳光法案》没有它应有的力度的原因是不是所有患者都会使用数据库。因此D选项“并非所有患者都知道如何使用数据库”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“奥巴马政府不支持”，由President Obama wanted to avoid issuing regulations during election season（奥巴马总统希望避免在选举季发布法规）可知，奥巴马政府只是希望在选举季发布法规，并非不支持《阳光法案》，属于过度推断；
B选项“一些医生招收了太多的病人”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
C选项“医生的收入来源不明确”，由it’s unclear whether those payments would be reported as coming from the drug company（这些支付是否会被报告为来自制药公司，目前还不清楚）可知，不明确的并不是医生的收入来源，而是这些来源是否会被准确报告，属于偷换概念。
