In 2018, e-commerce industry showed fast development. Monthly unique devices where e-commerce apps were started reached the peak of 970 million units in Nov.2018, 1.12 times of the number in Nov.2017. Methods that lower the（ ）, such as social e-commerce, new retailing and deep development in segment markets, served as the drivers of the continuous growth in（ ）, and the penetration rate of the e-commerce industry fluctuates around 70%.
Social e-commerce experienced explosive increase in monthly unique devices with improvement in user stickiness. In 2018, many（ ）platforms boomed up, including group purchase platforms represented by Pinduoduo, experience sharing communities like Xiaohongshu. This led to（ ）of social e-commerce in 2018. 2018 witnessed many other events in social e-commerce as well. The monthly unique devices of social e-commerce apps rocketed up from 187 million units in Dec. 2017 to 317 million units in Dec.2018; Pinduoduo got listed; and social e-commerce platforms had admiring achievements regarding their ability to（ ）compared with other e-commerce platforms.
