Customers historically tipped people they assumed were earning most of their income via tips, such as restaurant servers earning less than the minimum wage. In the early 2010s, a wide range of businesses started processing purchase with ipads and other digital payment systems. These systems often prompted customers to tip for services that were not previously tipped.
Today’s tip request are not connected to the salary and service norms that used to determine when and how people tip. Customers in the past nearly always paid tips after receiving a service, such as at the conclusion of a restaurant meal, after getting a haircut once your pizza was delivered. That timing could reward high-quality service and give workers an incentive to provide it.
It’s becoming more common for tips to be requested beforehand. And new tipping technology may even automatically add tips.
The prevalence of digital payment device has made it easier to ask customers for a tip. That helps explain why tip request are creeping into new kinds of services. Customers now mountain see menus of suggested default options often well above 20% of what they owe. The amounts have risen from 10 or less in 1980 to is around the up or 2000 to 20 or higher today. This insurance is sometimes called application--the expection of ever-higher tip amounts.
Tipping has always been a certain source of income for worker in history tipped services, like restaurants, where the tipped minimum wage can be as low as 2.03. Tip creep and tipflation are now further supplmenting the income of many low-wage services workers.
Notably, tipping primarily benefits some of these workers, such as waiters, but not others, such as cooks and dishwashers. To ensure that all employees were paid fair wages, some restaurants banned tipping and increased prices, but this movement toward no-tipping services has largely fizzled out.
So, to increase employee wages without raising prices, more employers are succumbing to the temptations of tip creep and tipflation. However, many customers are frustrated because they feel they are being asked for too high of a tip, too often. And, as our research emphasizes, tipping now seems to be more coercive, less generous and often completely dissociated from service quality.
21.According to Paragraph 1, the practice of tipping _____.
22.Compared with tips in the past, today’s tips _____.
23.Tip request are creeping into new services as a result of _____.
24.The movement toward no-tipping service intend to _____.
25.It can be learned from the last paragraph that tipping _____.
问题1选项
A.was regarded as a sign of generosity
B.was considered essential for waiters
C.was a way of rewarding
D.was optional in most business
问题2选项
A.are much less frequently
B.are less often requested in
C.have less to do with service quality
D.contribute less to worker’s sincere
问题3选项
A.the advancement of tech
B.the desire for income
C.the diversification of business
D.the emergence of tipflation
问题4选项
A.promote consumption
B.enrich income sources
C.maintain reasonable price
D.guarantee income fairness
问题5选项
A.is becoming a burden for customers
B.helps encourage quality service
C.is vital to business development
D.to the need to reduce price
第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:D
第5题:A
第1题:
【选项释义】
According to Paragraph 1, the practice of tipping in the U.S. ________. 根据第一段，在美国给小费________。
A. was regarded as a sign of generosity A. 被认为是慷慨的表现
B. was considered essential for waiters B. 被认为对服务员是必要的
C. was a way of rewarding diligence C. 是奖励勤奋的一种方式
D. was optional in most businesses D. 在大多数企业中是可有可无的
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词the practice of tipping in the U.S.可以定位到文章第一段第一句U.S. customers historically tipped people they assumed were earning most of their income via tips, such as restaurant servers earning less than the minimum wage.（美国顾客过去通常会给那些他们认为收入大部分来自小费的人打赏，比如餐厅服务员，他们的工资低于最低工资。），说明过去给小费的做法是针对那些收入主要依赖小费的人，如餐厅服务员，小费是服务员收入的一个重要部分。因此B选项“被认为对服务员是必要的”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“被认为是慷慨的表现”，C选项“是奖励勤奋的一种方式”和D选项“在大多数企业中是可有可无的”在文中均没有提及，属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Compared with tips in the past, today’s tips ________. 与过去的小费相比，现在的小费________。
A. are paid much less frequently A. 支付的频率要低得多
B. are less often requested in advance B. 较少提前要求
C. have less to do with service quality C. 与服务质量关系不大
D. contribute less to workers’ income D. 对员工收入的贡献较小
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词today’s tips可以定位到文章第二段第一句Today’s tip requests are often not connected to the salary and service norms that used to determine when and how people tip.（今天的小费要求通常与工资和服务标准无关，而这些标准过去是决定人们何时以及如何给小费的。），说明当今的小费与服务质量之间的关系较小。因此C选项“与服务质量关系不大”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“支付的频率要低得多”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
B选项“较少提前要求”，文章提到现在越来越多的小费要求是在服务前提出，属于反向干扰；
D选项“对员工收入的贡献较小”，文章提到“小费通胀”进一步补充了低薪服务行业工作人员的收入，属于反向干扰。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Tip requests are creeping into new kinds of services as a result of ________. 由于________，小费要求正逐渐成为新型服务的一部分。
A. the advancement of technology A. 技术进步
B. the desire for income increase B. 增加收入的愿望
C. the diversification of business C. 业务多样化
D. the emergence of tipflation D. 小费通胀的出现
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词new kinds of services可以定位到文章第四段第一、二句The prevalence of digital payment devices has made it easier to ask customers for a tip. That helps explain why tip requests are creeping into new kinds of services.（数字支付设备的普及使得向顾客要小费变得更加容易。这有助于解释为什么小费要求正逐渐进入新的服务种类。），说明小费要求进入新服务类型是由于数字支付设备的普及，也就是技术的进步。因此A选项“技术进步”正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“增加收入的愿望”和C选项“业务多样化”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
D选项“小费通胀的出现”，文章提到“小费通胀”是指小费金额的不断提高，但它并没有直接与小费要求进入新服务类型相关联，属于出处错位。
第4题:
【选项释义】
The movement toward no-tipping services was intended to ________. 无小费服务运动的目的是________。
A. promote consumption A. 促进消费
B. enrich income sources B. 丰富收入来源
C. maintain reasonable prices C. 保持合理价格
D. guarantee income fairness D. 保证收入公平
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词movement toward no-tipping services可以定位到文章第六段第二句To ensure that all employees were paid fair wages, some restaurants banned tipping and increased prices, but this movement toward no-tipping services has largely fizzled out.（为了确保所有员工都能得到公平的工资，一些餐馆禁止给小费，并提高了价格，但这种无小费服务的运动基本上已经失败了。），说明一些餐厅实行无小费运动是为了确保所有员工都能获得公平工资，即保证收入公平。因此D选项“保证收入公平”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“促进消费”，B选项“丰富收入来源”和C选项“保持合理价格”在文中均没有提及，属于无中生有。
第5题:
【选项释义】
It can be learned from the last paragraph that tipping ________. 从最后一段可以看出，小费________。
A. is becoming a burden for customers A. 正在成为顾客的负担
B. helps encourage quality service B. 有助于鼓励优质服务
C. is vital to business development C. 对企业发展至关重要
D. reflects the need to reduce prices D. 反映了降低价格的需要
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词the last paragraph可以定位到文章第七段第二、三句However, many customers are frustrated because they feel they are being asked for too high of a tip, too often. And, as our research emphasizes, tipping now seems to be more coercive, less generous and often completely dissociated from service quality.（然而，许多顾客感到沮丧，因为他们觉得他们被要求的小费太高，太频繁了。而且，正如我们的研究所强调的那样，现在给小费似乎更加强制性，不那么慷慨，而且往往与服务质量完全脱节。），说明现在的小费已不再与服务质量挂钩，且顾客感到小费要求有些强制性，常常被要求支付过高的小费，这意味着小费正在成为顾客的负担。因此A选项“正在成为顾客的负担”正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“有助于鼓励优质服务”，文中明确提到现在的小费往往与服务质量完全脱节，属于反向干扰；
C选项“对企业发展至关重要”和D选项“反映了降低价格的需要”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有。
