When it was established, the National Health Service was visionary: offering high-quality, timely care to meet the dominant needs of the population it served. Nearly 75 years on, with the country facing very different health challenges, it is clear that model is out of date.
From life expectancy to cancer and infant mortality rates, we are lagging behind many of our peers. With more than 6.8 million on waitlists, healthcare is becoming increasingly inaccessible for those who cannot opt to pay for private treatment; and the cost of providing healthcare is increasingly squeezing out investment in other public services. The OBR now describes healthcare spending as the “largest – and most likely – source of long-term risk to fiscal sustainability”.
As demand for healthcare continues to grow, pressures on the workforce – which is already near breaking point – will only become more acute.
Many of the answers to the crisis in health and care are well rehearsed. We need to be much better at reducing and diverting demand on health services, rather than simply managing it. Much more needs to be invested in communities and primary care to reduce our reliance on hospitals. And capacity in social care needs to be greater, to support the growing number of people living with long-term conditions.
Yet despite two decades of strategies and a number of major health reforms, we have failed to make meaningful progress on any of these aims.
That is why Reform is launching a new programme of work entitled "Reimagining health", supported by ten former health ministers from across the three main political parties. Together, we are calling for a much more open and honest conversation about the future of health in the UK, and an “urgent rethink” of the hospital-centric model we retain.
This must begin with the question of how we maximise the health of the nation, rather than “fix” the NHS. It is estimated, for example, that healthcare accounts for only about 20% of health outcomes. Much more important are the places we live, work and socialise – yet there is no clear cross-government strategy for improving these social determinants of health. Worse, when policies like the national obesity strategy are scrapped, taxpayers are left with the hefty price tag of treating the illnesses, like diabetes, that result.
Reform wants to ask how power and resources should be distributed in our health system. What health functions should remain at the centre, and what should be devolved to local leaders, often responsible for services that create health, and with a much better understanding of the needs of their populations?
26.According to the first two paragraphs, the NHS _____.
27.One answer to the crisis in health and care is to _____.
28."Reimagining health" is aimed to _____.
29.To maximise the nations health,the author suggests _____.
30.It can be inferred that local leaders should _____.
问题1选项
A.is troubled by furding deficcencies
B.can hardlty satisfy people's needs
C.can longly retain its current employes
D.it rualled by private medical
问题2选项
A.boost the efficiency of hospitals
B.lighten the burden on social care
C.increase resourse for primary care
D.reduce the presure on communities
问题3选项
A.reinforce hospital management
B.readjust health care regulations
C.restucture the health system
D.resume suspended health reforms
问题4选项
A.introduce relerant taxation policies
B.paying due attention to social factors
C.reevaluating major health out coms
D.enhancing the quality of health care
问题5选项
A.execise their power more reasonably
B.develop a stronger sense of responibility
C.play a bigger role in the health system
D.understand people's health needs better
第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:C
第4题:B
第5题:C
第1题:
【选项释义】
According to the first two paragraphs, the NHS ________. 根据前两段，国家医疗服务体系________。
A. is troubled by funding deficiencies A. 受到资金不足的困扰
B. can hardly satisfy people’s needs B. 难以满足人们的需求
C. can barely retain its current employees C. 难以留住现有雇员
D. is rivalled by private medical services D. 与私人医疗服务相抗衡
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词NHS可以定位到文章第一段第二句Nearly 75 years on, with the country facing very different health challenges, it is clear that model is out of date.（近75年过去了，我国面临着截然不同的卫生挑战，显然这种模式已经过时了。），说明NHS的原有模式不再适应当前的健康需求。接着定位到文章第二段第二句With more than 6.8 million on waitlists, healthcare is becoming increasingly inaccessible for those who cannot opt to pay for private treatment; and the cost of providing healthcare is increasingly squeezing out investment in other public services.（等待名单上有超过680万人，对于那些无法选择支付私人治疗费用的人来说，医疗保健变得越来越难以获得；提供医疗保健的成本越来越多地挤占了对其他公共服务的投资。），说明NHS无法满足人们的需求，特别是在服务可获得性和资金方面。由此可知，NHS难以满足公众需求。因此B选项“难以满足人们的需求”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“受到资金不足的困扰”只在第二段中部分提及，在第一段中没有提及，不是文章重点讨论的问题，属于以偏概全；
C选项“难以留住现有雇员”和D选项“与私人医疗服务相抗衡”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
One answer to the crisis in health and care is to ________. 解决医疗保健危机的一个办法是________。
A. boost the efficiency of hospitals A. 提高医院的效率
B. lighten the burden on social care B. 减轻社会医疗负担
C. increase resources for primary care C. 增加基础保健的资源
D. reduce the pressure on communities D. 减轻社区压力
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词answer to the crisis可以定位到文章第三段第三句Much more needs to be invested in communities and primary care to reduce our reliance on hospitals.（需要在社区和基础保健方面投入更多资金，以减少我们对医院的依赖。），说明解决医疗保健危机的其中一个办法是增加对基础保健和社区的投资。因此C选项“增加基础保健的资源”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“提高医院的效率”，B选项“减轻社会医疗负担”和D选项“减轻社区压力”在文中均没有提及，属于无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
“Reimagining health” is aimed to ________. “重塑健康”旨在________。
A. reinforce hospital management A. 加强医院管理
B. readjust healthcare regulations B. 重新调整医疗法规
C. restructure the health system C. 重构医疗体系
D. resume suspended health reforms D. 恢复暂停的医疗改革
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词Reimagining health可以定位到文章第四段第二、三句That is why Reform is launching a new programme of work entitled “Reimagining health”, supported by ten former health ministers from across the three main political parties. Together, we are calling for a much more open and honest conversation about the future of health in the UK, and an “urgent rethink” of the hospital-centric model we retain.（这就是为什么改革委员会正在启动一项名为“重塑健康”的新工作计划，该计划得到了来自三个主要政党的十位前卫生部长的支持。我们共同呼吁就英国健康的未来进行更加开放和诚实的对话，并对我们保留的以医院为中心的模式进行“紧急反思”。），说明“重塑健康”的目标是重构现有的健康系统，改变当前的医疗模式，而不是单纯的调整规定或恢复旧的改革。因此C选项“重构医疗体系”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“加强医院管理”，文章强调的是对医院为中心的模式进行反思和改变，而不是单纯地加强医院管理，属于曲解原文；
B选项“重新调整医疗法规”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
D选项“恢复暂停的医疗改革”，文章指出“重塑健康”不是恢复停滞的改革，而是启动新的计划，属于反向干扰。
第4题:
【选项释义】
To maximize the nations’ health, the author suggests ________. 为了最大限度地提高国民的健康水平，作者建议________。
A. introducing relevant taxation policies A. 引入相关的税收政策
B. paying due attention to social factors B. 充分重视社会因素
C. reevaluating major health outcomes C. 重新评估主要的健康结果
D. enhancing the quality of healthcare D. 提高医疗质量
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词maximize the nations’ health可以定位到文章第五段第一、二、三句This must begin with the question of how we maximize the health of the nation, rather than “fix” the NHS. It is estimated, for example, that healthcare accounts for only about 20% of health outcomes. Much more important are the places we live, work and socialize—yet there is no clear cross-government strategy for improving these social determinants of health.（这必须从我们如何最大化国民健康的问题开始，而不是“修复”NHS。例如，据估计，医疗保健仅占健康结果的20%左右。更重要的是我们生活、工作和社交的场所，但目前还没有明确的跨政府战略来改善这些健康的社会决定因素。），说明要最大化国家的健康，必须关注社会因素而不仅仅是医疗保健。因此B选项“充分重视社会因素”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“引入相关的税收政策”和C选项“重新评估主要的健康结果”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
D选项“提高医疗质量”，文中指出，健康的改善更多依赖于社会因素，而非单纯提高医疗质量，属于以偏概全。
第5题:
【选项释义】
It can be inferred that local leaders should ________. 可以推断地方领导应该________。
A. exercise their power more reasonably A. 更合理地行使权力
B. develop a stronger sense of responsibility B. 增强责任感
C. play a bigger role in the health system C. 在卫生系统中发挥更大的作用
D. understand people’s health needs better D. 更好地了解人们的健康需求
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词local leaders可以定位到文章第六段最后一句What health functions should remain at the centre, and what should be devolved to local leaders, often responsible for services that create health, and with a much better understanding of the needs of their populations?（哪些保健职能应留在中心，哪些职能应下放给地方领导人，这些领导人往往负责提供创造保健的服务，并对其人口的需求有更好的了解？），说明地方领导应该在卫生系统中发挥更大的作用，特别是在理解和解决本地卫生问题方面。因此C选项“在卫生系统中发挥更大的作用”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“更合理地行使权力”和B选项“增强责任感”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
D选项“更好地了解人们的健康需求”，虽然文章提到理解人们的健康需求很重要，但文中强调的重点是地方领导需要在健康系统中发挥更大的作用，而不仅仅是理解需求，属于以偏概全。
