Passage 6
Even in fresh water sharks hunt and kill. The Thresher shark, capable of lifting a small boat out of the water, has been sighted a mile inland on the Fowey River in Cornwall. Killer sharks swim rivers to reach Lake Nicaragua in Central America; they average one human victim each year.
Sewage and garbage attract sharks inland. When floods carry garbage to the rivers they provide a rich diet which sometimes stimulates an epidemic of shark attacks. Warm water generally provides shark food, and a rich diet inflames the shark’s aggression.
In British waters sharks usually swim peacefully between ten and twenty miles offshore where warm water currents fatten mackerel and pilchards for their food. But the shark is terrifyingly unpredictable. One seaman was severely mauled as far north as Wick in Scotland. Small boats have been attacked in the English Channel, Irish Sea and North Sea.
Most of the legends about sharks are founded in ugly fact. Even a relatively small shark—a 200 lb. Zambezi—can sever a man’s leg with one bite. Sharks have up to seven rows of teeth and as one front tooth is damaged or lost another moves forward to take its place. The shark never sleeps. Unlike most fish, it has no air bladder, and it must move constantly to avoid sinking. It is a primitive creature, unchanged for sixty million years of evolution. Its skin is without the specialized scales of a fish. Fully grown, it still has five pairs of separate gills like a three-week human embryo.
But it is a brilliantly efficient machine. Its skin carries nerve endings which can detect vibrations from fish moving several miles away. Its sense of smell, the function of most of its brain, can detect one part in 600,000 of tuna fish juice in water, or the blood of a fish or animal from a quarter of a mile away. It is color blind, and sees best in deep water, but it can distinguish shapes and patterns of light and shade easily. Once vibrations and smell have placed its prey the shark sees well enough to home in by vision for the last fifty feet.
The shark eats almost anything. It will gobble old tin cans and broken bottles as well as fish, animals and humans. Beer bottles, shoes, wrist watches, car number plates, overcoats and other sharks have been found in dead sharks. Medieval records tell of entire human corpses still encased in armor.
The United States military advice on repelling sharks is to stay clothed—sharks go for exposed flesh, especially the feet. Smooth swimming at the surface is essential. Frantic splashing will simply attract sharks, and dropping below the surface makes the swimmer an easy target. If the shark gets close, then is the time to kick, thrash and hit out. A direct hit on the snout, gills, or eyes will drive away most sharks. The exception is the Great White shark. It simply kills you.
96. It is less common to find sharks in ________.
97. Why do sharks normally swim between ten and twenty miles off the coast of Britain?
98. Why does the shark never stop moving?
99. The shark’s best sense is smell because ________.
100. If you kick and make a lot of noise in the water, ________.
问题1选项
A.salt water
B.fresh water
C.warm water
D.deep water
问题2选项
A.They prefer warm water to cold water.
B.They see best in deep water.
C.They are afraid of man.
D.That is where their food is.
问题3选项
A.It never sleeps.
B.It can only smell when moving.
C.If it stopped it would sink.
D.It must eat constantly.
问题4选项
A.most of its brain is used for this purpose
B.it is color blind
C.it can smell blood from a quarter of a mile away
D.it can only see up to fifty feet
问题5选项
A.the shark will kill you
B.the shark will attack your feet
C.you will frighten the shark away
D.you will attract the shark
第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:D
第1题:
【选项释义】
It is less common to find sharks in ________. 在________中较少发现鲨鱼。
A. salt water A. 海水
B. fresh water B. 淡水
C. warm water C. 温水
D. deep water D. 深水
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词less common to find sharks可以定位到文章第一段第一句Even in fresh water sharks hunt and kill.（即使在淡水中，鲨鱼也会捕食和杀戮。），说明淡水对于鲨鱼而言是一个不太常见或不太理想的环境，如果鲨鱼在不理想的环境中也能捕食，那么它们在更常见的生态环境可能更为普遍，从而可以推断出在淡水中较少发现鲨鱼。因此B选项“淡水”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“海水”，文章说的是在淡水中较少发现鲨鱼，而不是海水，属于反向干扰；
C选项“温水”和D选项“深水”在文中无法体现，属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Why do sharks normally swim between ten and twenty miles off the coast of Britain? 为什么鲨鱼通常在离英国海岸10到20英里的地方游泳？
A. They prefer warm water to cold water. A. 它们喜欢温水而不是冷水。
B. They see best in deep water. B. 它们在深水中看得最清楚。
C. They are afraid of man. C. 它们害怕人类。
D. That is where their food is. D. 那是它们的食物所在。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词swim between ten and twenty miles off the coast of Britain可以定位到文章第三段第一句In British waters sharks usually swim peacefully between ten and twenty miles offshore where warm water currents fatten mackerel and pilchards for their food.（在英国水域，鲨鱼通常在离岸10到20英里的地方平静地游来游去，那里的暖流使鲭鱼和比目鱼变得肥美，成为它们的食物。），说明鲨鱼在这些区域游泳是因为那里有它们的食物来源。因此D选项“那是它们的食物所在。”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“它们喜欢温水而不是冷水。”和C选项“它们害怕人类。”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；
B选项“它们在深水中看得最清楚。”，虽然文章提到鲨鱼在深水中视力较好，但这和它们在离英国海岸10到20英里的地方游泳无关，属于出处错位。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Why does the shark never stop moving? 为什么鲨鱼从不停止移动？
A. It never sleeps. A. 它从不睡觉。
B. It can only smell when moving. B. 它只有在移动时才能闻到气味。
C. If it stopped it would sink. C. 如果它停下来，就会沉下去。
D. It must eat constantly. D. 它必须不停地吃。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词shark never stop moving可以定位到文章第四段倒数第三句Unlike most fish, it has no air bladder, and it must move constantly to avoid sinking.（与大多数鱼类不同，它没有气囊，必须不断移动以避免下沉。），说明鲨鱼从不停止移动的原因是为了避免下沉。因此C选项“如果它停下来，就会沉下去。”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“它从不睡觉。”，鲨鱼从不睡觉是它们必须不断移动的结果，而不是原因，属于因果倒置；
B选项“它只有在移动时才能闻到气味。”和D选项“它必须不停地吃。”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
The shark’s best sense is smell because ________. 鲨鱼最好的感官是嗅觉，因为________。
A. most of its brain is used for this purpose A. 它的大部分大脑都用于嗅觉
B. it is color blind B. 它是色盲
C. it can smell blood from a quarter of a mile away C. 它能从四分之一英里外闻到血腥味
D. it can only see up to fifty feet D. 它的视力只能达到50英尺
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词shark’s best sense is smell可以定位到文章第五段第三句Its sense of smell, the function of most of its brain, can detect one part in 600,000 of tuna fish juice in water, or the blood of a fish or animal from a quarter of a mile away.（它的嗅觉是大脑的主要功能，能嗅出水中六十万分之一的金枪鱼汁，或四分之一英里外的鱼或动物的血液。），说明鲨鱼最发达的感官是嗅觉，因为它的大脑大部分都用于这一功能。因此A选项“它的大部分大脑都用于嗅觉”正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“它是色盲”，虽然文章提到鲨鱼是色盲，但这不是它最强的感觉器官的原因，属于出处错位；
C选项“它能从四分之一英里外闻到血腥味”是关于鲨鱼嗅觉的具体例子，但不是它为什么嗅觉是最强的原因，属于因果导致；
D选项“它的视力只能达到50英尺”，文章说的是鲨鱼能很好地通过视觉锁定最后50英尺处的猎物，而不是视力只能达到50英尺，同时也与解释嗅觉是最佳感官的原因无关，属于曲解原文。
第5题:
【选项释义】
If you kick and make a lot of noise in the water, ________. 如果你在水中踢腿并发出很大的声音，________。
A. the shark will kill you A. 鲨鱼会杀了你
B. the shark will attack your feet B. 鲨鱼会攻击你的脚
C. you will frighten the shark away C. 你会吓跑鲨鱼
D. you will attract the shark D. 你会吸引鲨鱼
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词kick and make a lot of noise in the water可以定位到文章第七段第三句Frantic splashing will simply attract sharks, and dropping below the surface makes the swimmer an easy target.（狂乱的拍打只会吸引鲨鱼，而沉入水面以下会使游泳者成为容易的目标。），说明在水中踢动和制造噪音会吸引鲨鱼。因此D选项“你会吸引鲨鱼”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“鲨鱼会杀了你”，虽然文章提到大白鲨会直接杀死你，但这并不是在水中制造噪音或踢动而导致的结果，属于出处错位；
B选项“鲨鱼会攻击你的脚”，由sharks go for exposed flesh, especially the feet（鲨鱼喜欢吃裸露的肉，尤其是脚）可知，鲨鱼攻击脚的情况是因为皮肤裸露，而不是踢动和制造噪音，属于曲解原文；
C选项“你会吓跑鲨鱼”，文章提到拼命挥动或制造噪音会吸引鲨鱼而不是吓跑它们，属于反向干扰。
