Anxiety is a word often found on the tip of politicians and economists at the moment, but it is seldom heard from technologists. And although the idea that “less is more” has many adherents in architecture, design and fashion, the technology industry has historically expanded the opposite view. Products should have as many features as possible, and next year’s version should have even more. As prices fall, what starts off as a fancy new feature quickly becomes commonplace—by buying a phone without a camera, or a car without electric windows—prompting companies to add new features in an effort to outdo their rivals. Never mind if nobody uses most of these new features. In an arms race, more is always more.
But now there are signs that technologists are waking up to the benefits of minimalism, thanks to two things: feature fatigue among consumers who simply want things to work, and strong demand from less affluent consumers in the developing world. It is telling that the market value of Apple, the company most closely associated with simple, elegant high-tech products, recently overtook that of Microsoft, the company with the most notorious case of new-features. True, Apple’s products contain lots of features under the hood, but the company has a knack for covering such complexities by using elegant designs. Other companies have also progressed by providing easy-to-use products; think of the Nintendo Wii video-game console or the Flip video camera. Gadgets are no longer just for geeks, and if technology is to appeal to a broad audience, simplicity trumps fancy specifications.
Another strand of techno-minimalism can be found in software that keeps things simple in order to reduce distractions and ensure that computer-users remain focused and productive. Many word processors now have special classroom modes, so that all unnecessary and interesting menus, palettes and so on are disabled or hidden; rather than fiddling with font sizes or checking e-mail, you are encouraged to get on with your writing. If the temptation to have a quick look at Facebook proves too much, there are programs that will disable access to particular websites at specific times of day, but if that is not drastic enough, there are even programs that can block Internet access altogether. A computer on which some features are not present, or have been deliberately disabled, may in fact be easier to use if you are trying to get things done. There are no distracting hyperlinks on a typewriter. Then there is the phenomenon of “frugal” innovation. Low-cost laptops were inspired to be produced for children in poor countries, but have since proved popular with consumers around the world.
All this offers grounds for hope. If the features-shocked technology industry can change its tune, perhaps there is a chance that governments—which have also tended to be inveterate believers in the idea that more is more—might come to appreciate the merits of minimalism.
51. What does “less is more” mean?
52. Who used to believe in the concept that “more is more”?
53. The importance of minimalism has been realized for the following reasons EXCEPT that ______.
54. What type of computers will probably represent the trend?
55. What is the most suitable title for the text?
问题1选项
A.The less expensive a product is, the more popular it will be.
B.The simpler a product is, the better the design is.
C.The less fancy a product looks, the more competitive it becomes.
D.The fewer features a product has, the more difficult to sell it.
问题2选项
A.Politicians and economists.
B.Technologists.
C.Architectural designers.
D.Fashion designers.
问题3选项
A.consumer preference has changed and frugality has been highly valued
B.consumers want to buy new products regardless of their features
C.Apple’s products show a smart combination of features and design
D.high-tech products with an elegant appearance are getting popular
问题4选项
A.Computers with hyperlinks.
B.Components with new functions.
C.Computers with fairly comprehensive programs.
D.Computers with hidden features used at users’ disposal.
问题5选项
A.In Praise of Techno-austerity.
B.Frugality Is the Mother of Invention.
C.Simplicity vs. Complexity.
D.Obsession with Features.
第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:D
第5题:A
第1题:
【选项释义】
What does “less is more” mean? “少即是多”是什么意思?
A. The less expensive a product is, the more popular it will be. A. 产品价格越低廉,就越受欢迎。
B. The simpler a product is, the better the design is. B. 产品越简单,设计就越出色。
C. The less fancy a product looks, the more competitive it becomes. C. 产品越朴素,竞争力就越强。
D. The fewer features a product has, the more difficult to sell it. D. 产品功能越少,就越难销售。
【考查点】语义推断题。
【解题思路】根据题干less is more定位到文章第一段And although the idea that “less is more” has many adherents in architecture, design and fashion, the technology industry has historically expanded the opposite view.(尽管“少即是多”的理念在建筑、设计和时尚界有许多拥护者,但科技行业历来推崇截然相反的观点。),这句话将“少即是多”的理念与科技行业的观点进行对比。接着第二段通过苹果、任天堂等公司的成功案例,阐明了通过简化产品设计来赢得市场成功的理念,由此可以推测,less is more在此处的含义是:产品功能越少(或设计越简洁),其竞争力就越强,C选项“产品越朴素,竞争力就越强”最准确地概括了这一因果关系,因此选择C选项。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“产品价格越低廉,就越受欢迎”,文中虽然提到价格下降,但less is more的核心是关于功能与设计,而非价格,属于曲解原文;
B选项“产品越简单,设计就越出色”,文中说的是简洁的设计能带来更好的用户体验和市场成功,而不是直接等同于“设计更出色”这个抽象概念,属于曲解原文;
D选项“产品功能越少,就越难销售”,这与文意完全相反,文章明确指出,转向极简主义的科技公司(如苹果)获得了巨大的成功,而不是变得更难销售出去,属于反向干扰,因此排除。
第2题:
【选项释义】
Who used to believe in the concept that “more is more”? 谁曾经相信“多多益善”的理念?
A. Politicians and economists. A. 政客与经济学家。
B. Technologists. B. 技术人员。
C. Architectural designers. C. 建筑设计师。
D. Fashion designers. D. 时装设计师。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干的关键词used to believe(过去相信)定位到文章第一段And although the idea that “less is more” has many adherents in architecture, design and fashion, the technology industry has historically expanded the opposite view.(尽管“少即是多”的理念在建筑、设计和时尚界有许多拥护者,但科技行业历来推崇截然相反的观点。),该段详细描述了在过去Products should have as many features as possible(产品应该有尽可能多的功能)以及In an arms race, more is always more(在竞争中,越多总是越好)的模式,这里的historically(历史上)和used to believe(过去相信)对应,由此可知,作为科技行业代表的Technologists(技术人员)是过去相信more is more理念的主体,因此选择B选项。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“政客与经济学家”,根据首段首句,该理念“常出现在政客和经济学家的嘴边”,以及末段提到政府也是该理念的信奉者,表明他们现在可能仍然相信,而不是“过去相信”,属于曲解原文;
C选项“建筑设计师”和D选项“时装设计师”,文章首段明确指出,“少即是多”的理念在建筑、设计(包含建筑设计)和时尚领域拥有许多追随者,这意味着他们信奉的是less is more(少即是多),属于反向干扰,因此排除。
第3题:
【选项释义】
The importance of minimalism has been realized for the following reasons EXCEPT that ______. 极简主义的重要性已被人们认识到,其原因包括以下各项,但不包括______。
A. consumer preference has changed and frugality has been highly valued A. 消费者偏好发生变化,节俭备受推崇
B. consumers want to buy new products regardless of their features B. 消费者无论产品功能如何都想要购买新品
C. Apple’s products show a smart combination of features and design C. 苹果产品展现了功能与设计的巧妙结合
D. high-tech products with an elegant appearance are getting popular D. 外观优雅的高科技产品日益流行
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】本题要求选出“没有被提及”作为极简主义重要性原因的选项。根据第二段,科技行业转向极简主义的原因有两个:feature fatigue among consumers who simply want things to work(消费者因功能过多而感到厌倦,他们只是希望产品能正常使用)和strong demand from less affluent consumers in the developing world(来自发展中国家不太富裕消费者的强烈需求)。文章还以苹果公司为例,说明其成功在于covering such complexities by using elegant designs(用优雅的设计掩盖复杂性),并且simplicity trumps fancy specifications(简洁胜过花哨的规格),这些都指向消费者偏好转向简洁、易用和设计优雅的产品。B选项“消费者无论产品功能如何都想要购买新品”,这与原文强调的消费者偏好(因功能过剩而感到疲劳,转而追求简洁易用)完全矛盾。原文强调的是消费者开始在乎功能是否必要、产品是否易用(simply want things to work),并因功能过剩而疲劳,因此选择B选项。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“消费者偏好发生变化,节俭备受推崇”,这与第二段提到的feature fatigue(功能疲劳)和simplicity trumps fancy specifications(简洁胜过花哨规格)完全一致,原文有提及,与题干要求相悖,属于反向干扰;
C选项“苹果产品展现了功能与设计的巧妙结合”,这是对第二段中Apple’s products contain lots of features under the hood, but the company has a knack for covering such complexities by using elegant designs(苹果公司的产品内部蕴含着众多功能,但该公司善于通过精美的设计来掩盖这些复杂之处。)的概括,原文有提及,与题干要求相悖,属于反向干扰;
D选项“外观优雅的高科技产品日益流行”,这是对苹果、任天堂等公司成功案例的总结,说明设计优雅、简洁的产品获得了市场成功,原文有提及,与题干要求相悖,属于反向干扰,因此排除。
第4题:
【选项释义】
What type of computers will probably represent the trend? 哪种计算机可能代表未来趋势?
A. Computers with hyperlinks. A. 带有超链接的计算机。
B. Components with new functions. B. 具备新功能的计算机组件。
C. Computers with fairly comprehensive programs. C. 配备相当全面程序的计算机。
D. Computers with hidden features used at users’ disposal. D. 带有可供用户支配的隐藏功能的计算机。
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词computers和trend定位到原文第三段Another strand of techno-minimalism can be found in software that keeps things simple in order to reduce distractions and ensure that computer-users remain focused and productive.(另一种技术极简主义体现在软件设计中,这类软件通过保持简洁来减少干扰,确保计算机用户保持专注并提高工作效率。),接着段末总结道A computer on which some features are not present, or have been deliberately disabled, may in fact be easier to use if you are trying to get things done.(如果你的目的是要完成某些任务,那么一台某些功能未启用或已被故意关闭的电脑实际上可能反而更容易操作。),这表明未来的趋势是计算机功能并非全部展现,而是部分隐藏或可由用户按需调用,以优化使用体验,因此选择D选项。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“带有超链接的计算机”,第三段提到超链接是分散注意力的东西(There are no distracting hyperlinks on a typewriter),是极简主义要摒弃的,与趋势相反,属于反向干扰;
B选项“具备新功能的计算机组件”,这是第一段描述的传统科技行业的做法,即more is always more(多多益善),是文章批判的对象,与文中的极简主义趋势相悖,属于反向干扰;
C选项“配备相当全面程序的计算机”,与文中倡导的简化设计、减少干扰的理念相反,属于反向干扰,因此排除。
第5题:
【选项释义】
What is the most suitable title for the text? 以下哪个标题最适合文章?
A. In Praise of Techno-austerity. A. 赞美技术节俭。
B. Frugality Is the Mother of Invention. B. 节俭是发明之母。
C. Simplicity vs. Complexity. C. 简约与复杂的较量。
D. Obsession with Features. D. 对功能的痴迷。
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】文章首先批判了科技行业“功能越多越好”的传统观念,然后重点阐述了科技行业正在转向极简主义的趋势,并列举了苹果、任天堂等公司的成功案例以及简化软件的实践。最后一段总结道,科技行业的这种转变带来了希望,并暗示政府也应学习这种极简主义。全文的核心是赞扬科技行业出现的这种“极简主义”或“紧缩”趋势,A选项中的Techno-austerity(技术节俭)准确地概括了这一主旨,In Praise of(赞美)也符合作者积极肯定的态度,因此选择A选项。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“节俭是发明之母”,文中提到的frugal innovation(节俭创新)只是支持极简主义趋势的一个方面,是第三段末尾引用的一个具体例证,其概念范围无法涵盖文章中关于设计哲学、用户体验、专注度等更主要、更广泛的讨论,属于以偏概全;
C选项“简约与复杂的较量”,文章并非简单地讨论两者的对立,而是重点论述科技行业从追求复杂到简洁的转变,并赞扬这一趋势,C选项表达偏宽泛和中性,未能体现作者的积极态度,属于曲解原文;
D选项“对功能的痴迷”,这只是文章第一段描述的过去的情况,是作者批判的对象,而非全文的主题,属于以偏概全,因此排除。
【参考译文】
近来“焦虑”一词常挂在政客与经济学家嘴边,科技从业者却鲜少谈及。尽管“少即是多”的理念在建筑、设计、时尚界支持者甚众,科技产业却历来奉行相反信条:产品功能越多越好,次年迭代更需增加。随着价格走低,最初炫目的新功能迅速成为标配——当手机皆配有摄像头、汽车俱备电动车窗时,企业便被迫增添新功能以超越对手。纵使大多数新功能无人问津也无妨,在这场军备竞赛中,“多”永远意味着优势。
但如今有迹象表明,科技界正逐渐领悟极简主义之妙,这得益于两点:渴望产品简单好用的消费者出现功能疲劳,以及发展中地区非富裕群体的强劲需求。具有象征意义的是,以简约优雅高科技产品著称的苹果公司市值,近期超越了因功能堆砌而饱受诟病的微软。诚然苹果产品内核功能丰富,但其善于用优雅设计掩盖复杂性的独到本领令人称道。任天堂Wii游戏机、Flip摄像机等易用产品的成功,同样印证了其他企业在此方向的进步。电子产品已非极客专属,若想赢得大众青睐,简洁设计远比花哨参数更具吸引力。
技术极简主义的另一脉络体现在软件领域:通过简化界面减少干扰,确保用户保持专注高效。许多文字处理软件现已配备特殊课堂模式,禁用或隐藏所有非必要的趣味菜单与面板,促使用户专注写作而非调整字体或查看邮件。如果难以抵制浏览社交网站的诱 惑,有些程序可屏蔽特定时段的网站访问;若觉此法不够彻底,甚至可选用完全切断网络连接的程序。当试图高效完成任务时,功能精简或刻意受限的电脑反而更易使用——打字机上就没有令人分心的超链接。
“俭约创新”现象同样值得关注。最初为贫困国家儿童设计的低成本笔记本电脑,如今已风靡全球消费市场。
这一切让我们看到希望。如果曾沉迷功能堆砌的科技产业能改变态度,那么那些长期信奉“多多益善”的政府部门,也有可能开始认识到极简主义的优点。