A little more than a century ago, Michael Faraday, the noted British physicist, managed to gain audience with a group of high government officials, to demonstrate an electrochemical principle, in the hope of gaining support for his work.
After observing the demonstration closely, one of the officials remarked bluntly “It’s a fascinating demonstration, young man, but just what practical application will come of this?”
“I don’t know,” replied Faraday, “but I do know that 100 years from now you’ll be taxing them”.
From the demonstration of a principle to the marketing of products derived from that principle is often a long, involved series of steps. The speed and effectiveness with which these steps are taken are closely related to the history of management, the art of getting things done. Just as management applies to the wonders that have evolved from Faraday and other inventors, so it applied some 4,000 years ago to the workings of the great Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms, to Hannibal’s remarkable feat of crossing the Alps in 218 B.C, with 90,000 foot soldiers, 12,000 horsemen and a “conveyor belt” of 40 elephants or to the early Christian Church, with its world-shaking concepts of individual freedom and equality.
These ancient innovators were deeply involved in the problems of authority, division of labor, discipline, unity of command, clarity of direction and the other basic factors that are so meaningful to management today. But the real impetus to management as an emerginprofession was the Industrial Revolution. Originating in 18th-century England, it was triggered by a series of classic inventions and new processes; among them John Kay’s Flying Shuttle in 1733, James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny in 1770, Samuel Crompton’s Mule Spinner in 1779 and Edmund Cartwright’s Power Loom in 1785.
1.The anecdote about Michael Faraday indicates that ( ).
2.According to the passage, management is defined as ( ).
3.In the passage we can see that management came into its own( ).
问题1选项
A.politicians tax everything
B.people are skeptical about the value of pure research
C.taxes are uppermost in scientists’ minds
D.he was rejected by his government
问题2选项
A.accomplishing wonders
B.the creator of the Industrial Revolution
C.the art of getting things done
D.supervising subordinates
问题3选项
A.in the Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms
B.in the development of the early Christian Church
C.at the time of Michael Faraday
D.in the eighteenth century
第1题:
【选项释义】
The anecdote about Michael Faraday indicates that( ). 迈克尔·法拉第的轶事说明了( )。
A. politicians tax everything A. 政客对一切征税
B. people are skeptical about the value of pure research B. 人们对纯粹研究的价值持怀疑态度
C. taxes are uppermost in scientists’ minds C. 税收是科学家们最关心的问题
D. he was rejected by his government D. 他被政府拒绝了
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】第二段提到,一位官员密切注视法拉第的演示后,直截了当地说:“It’s a fascinating demonstration, young man, but just what practical application will come of this?”(“年轻人,这是一个引人入胜的演示,但它能有什么实际应用呢?”),这位官员的话有一定的代表性,可以推断出当时的人都对纯理论研究的价值持怀疑的态度,因此B选项“人们对纯粹研究的价值持怀疑态度”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、C、D选项均未在文中体现,属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
According to the passage, management is defined as( ). 根据文章内容来看,管理的定义是( )。
A. accomplishing wonders A. 完成奇迹
B. the creator of the Industrial Revolution B. 工业革命的创造者
C. the art of getting things done C. 完成事情的艺术
D. supervising subordinates D. 监督下属
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词management定位文章第四段第二句The speed and effectiveness with which these steps are taken are closely related to the history of management, the art of getting things done.(采取这些步骤的速度和效力与管理的历史密切相关,管理是完成事情的艺术),可知C选项“完成事情的艺术”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、D选项均不是文章对管理的定义,属于曲解原文。
第3题:
【选项释义】
In the passage we can see that management came into its own( ). 在文章中,我们可以看到管理在( )盛行起来。
A. in the Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms A. 埃及和美索不达米亚的进出口公司
B. in the development of the early Christian Church B. 早期基督教会的发展
C. at the time of Michael Faraday C. 在迈克尔·法拉第的时代
D. in the eighteenth century D. 在18世纪
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据选项关键词eighteenth century定位文章最后一段第二、三句But the real impetus to management as an emerging profession was the Industrial Revolution. Originating in 18th-century England, it was triggered by a series of classic inventions and new processes(但真正推动管理成为一门新兴职业的是工业革命。它起源于18世纪的英国,由一系列经典发明和新工艺引发),可以推断出管理是在18世纪盛行起来的,因此D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B选项虽在文中体现,但与题干无关,属于答非所问;
C选项“在迈克尔·法拉第的时代”,准确地来说,法拉第的时代属于18世纪末到19世纪中后期,而工业革命始于18世纪60年代,更符合题意,属于曲解原文。