Sigmund Freud lived most of his life in Vienna, Austria. He was trained in medicine and established the International Psychoanalytic Association in 1910. This excerpt is from a translation of a 1923 work, The Ego and the Id.
There are certain people who behave in a quite peculiar fashion during the work of analysis. When one speaks hopefully to them or expresses satisfaction with the progress of the treatment, they show signs of discontent and their condition invariably becomes worse. One begins by regarding this as defiance and as an attempt to prove their superiority to the physician, but later one comes to take a deeper and juster view. One becomes convinced, not only that such people cannot endure any praise or appreciation, but that they react inversely to the progress of the treatment. Every partial solution that ought to result; and in other people does result, in an improvement or a temporary suspension of symptoms produces in them for the exacerbation of their illness; they get worse during the treatment instead of getting better. The exhibit what is known as a “negative therapeutic reaction.”
There is no doubt that there is something in these people that sets itself against their recovery, and its approach is dreaded as though it were a danger. We are accustomed to say that the need for illness has got the upper hand in them over the desire for recovery. If we analyze this resistance in the usual way — then, even after allowance has been made for an attitude of defiance towards the physician and for fixation to the various forms of gain from illness, the greater part of it is still left over; and this reveals itself as the most powerful of all obstacles to recovery, more powerful than the familiar ones of narcissistic inaccessibility, a negative attitude towards the physician and clinging to the gain from illness.
In the end, we come to see that we are dealing with what may be called a“moral”factor, a sense of guilt which is finding satisfaction in the illness and refuses to give up the punishment of suffering. We shall be right in regarding this disheartening explanation as final. But as far as the patient is concerned this sense of guilt is dumb; it does not tell him he is guilty; he does not feel guilty, he feels ill. This sense of guilt expresses itself only as a resistance to recovery which is extremely difficult to overcome. It is also particular difficult to convince the patient that this motive lies behind his continuing to be ill, he holds fast to the more obvious explanation that treatment by analysis is not the right remedy for his case.
1.A good title for this passage might be （ ）.
2.From the passage we can learn that Freud means that these patients （ ）.
3.Freud’s study of this syndrome leads him to think that （ ）.
4.Does Freud feel that analysis is not right for the patients he describes?
问题1选项
A.An Inverse Reaction to Progress
B.The Need for Analysis
C.Guilt and Suffering
D.Introduction to Freud’s Ideas
问题2选项
A.act contrary to a physician’s expectations
B.get worse when they should get better
C.get better when they should get worse
D.both A and B
问题3选项
A.most patients respond badly to praise
B.patients need to trust their physicians
C.patients’ guilt may keep them from getting well
D.the patients’ personal emotions need to be analyzed
问题4选项
A.Yes, he feels they are in love with their illness.
B.Yes, he feels that they are too ill to recover.
C.Yes, he senses that they need another remedy.
D.No, but the patients often feel that way.
第1题:
【选项释义】
A good title for this passage might be（ ）. 这篇文章最好的标题是（ ）。
A. An Inverse Reaction to Progress A. 进步的逆反应
B. The Need for Analysis B. 分析的需要
C. Guilt and Suffering C. 内疚和痛苦
D. Introduction to Freud’s Ideas D. 弗洛伊德思想导论
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】根据文章第一段的最后一句This excerpt is from a translation of a 1923 work, The Ego and the Id.（这是摘自1923年出版的《自我与本我》的一段节选）可知，下文便是对弗洛伊德这本书中内容的展开，即“弗洛伊德思想导论”，因此D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、C选项均未在文中体现，属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
From the passage we can learn that Freud means that these patients（ ）. 通过文章，我们了解到弗洛伊德认为这些病人（ ）。
A. act contrary to a physician’s expectations A. 与医生的预期相反
B. get worse when they should get better B. 应该好转的时候却变得更糟
C. get better when they should get worse C. 应该变得更糟的时候却好转了
D. both A and B D. A、B两项皆是
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据选项关键词contrary定位文章第二段第四句One becomes convinced, not only that such people cannot endure any praise or appreciation, but that they react inversely to the progress of the treatment.（人们开始相信，这样的人不仅不能忍受任何赞扬或赞赏，而且他们对治疗过程的反应是相反的），contrary与inversely意思相吻合，可以推断A选项“与医生的预期相反”正确；根据选项关键词get worse定位文章第二段倒数第二句Every partial solution that ought to result; and in other people does result, in an improvement or a temporary suspension of symptoms produces in them for the exacerbation of their illness; they get worse during the treatment instead of getting better. The exhibit what is known as a “negative therapeutic reaction.”（应该得到的每一个部分解；而对另一些人来说，确实导致了症状的改善或暂时停止导致了病情的恶化；在治疗过程中病情非但没有好转反而恶化了。这就是所谓的“负面治疗反应”），可知B选项“应该好转的时候却变得更糟”正确，因此D选项“A、B两项皆是”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B选项皆正确，只选其中一项并不是最佳答案，属于以偏概全；
C选项“应该变坏的时候却变好了”与文章表述相反，属于反向干扰。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Freud’s study of this syndrome leads him to think that（ ）. 弗洛伊德对这种综合症的研究使他认为（ ）。
A. most patients respond badly to praise A. 大多数病人对表扬反应很差
B. patients need to trust their physicians B. 病人需要信任他们的医生
C. patients’ guilt may keep them from getting well C. 病人的内疚可能会阻碍他们康复
D. the patients’ personal emotions need to be analyzed D. 病人的个人情感需要加以分析
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据选项关键词guilt定位文章最后一段倒数第二句This sense of guilt expresses itself only as a resistance to recovery which is extremely difficult to overcome.（这种内疚感只会对康复产生不可避免的阻碍），可知C选项“病人的内疚可能会阻碍他们康复”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“大多数病人对表扬反应很差”虽在文中第二段有所体现，但与题干无关，属于答非所问；
B、D选项均未在文中体现，属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
Does Freud feel that analysis is not right for the patients he describes? 弗洛伊德是否觉得精神分析不适用于他所描述的病人？
A. Yes, he feels they are in love with their illness. A. 是的，他觉得他们爱上了自己的疾病。
B. Yes, he feels that they are too ill to recover. B. 是的，他觉得他们病得太重了，无法康复。
C. Yes, he senses that they need another remedy. C. 是的，他感觉到他们需要另一种治疗方法。
D. No, but the patients often feel that way. D. 不，但病人经常有这种感觉。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据选项关键词remedy定位文章最后一段尾句It is also particular difficult to convince the patient that this motive lies behind his continuing to be ill, he holds fast to the more obvious explanation that treatment by analysis is not the right remedy for his case.（要让病人相信他一直生病背后的动机是特别困难的，他坚持更明显的解释，即通过分析治疗不是治疗他病情的正确方法），可知C选项“是的，他感觉到他们需要另一种治疗方法”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B选项均未在文中体现，属于无中生有；
D选项“不，但病人经常有这种感觉”，根据原文来看，弗洛伊德觉得精神分析不适用于他所描述的病人，因此答案应该是肯定的，属于反向干扰。
