Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e. worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago “being employed” meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population, growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.
Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist, trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employee-ship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employee-ship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee rather than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.
1.It is implied that fifty years ago _____.
2.According to the passage, with the development of modern industry, _____.
3.According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is _____.
4.From the passage it can be seen that employee-ship helps one _____.
问题1选项
A.eighty percent of American working people were employed in factories
B.twenty per cent of intellectuals were employees
C.the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workers
D.the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers
问题2选项
A.factory laborers will overtake intellectual employees in number
B.there are as many middle-class employees as factory laborers
C.employers have attached great importance to factory laborers
D.the proportion of factory laborers in the total employee population has decreased
问题3选项
A.less important than awareness of being a good employee
B.as important as the ability to deal with public relations
C.more important than employer-employee relations
D.as important as the ability to co-operate with others in the organization
问题4选项
A.to be more successful in his career
B.to solve technical problems
C.to be more specialized in his field
D.to develop his professional skill
第1题:
【选项释义】
It is implied that fifty years ago ________. 文章暗示了五十年前________。
A. eighty percent of American working people were employed in factories A. 80%的美国工人受雇于工厂
B. twenty per cent of intellectuals were employees B. 20%的知识分子是雇员
C. the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workers C. 知识分子占总劳动力的比例几乎与工业工人的比例相同
D. the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers D. 作为雇员工作的知识分子的比例没有工业工人的比例大
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段第四句讲到“50年前，当‘被雇用’意味着作为工厂工人或农场工人工作时，今天的雇员越来越成为中产阶级，接受过大量正规教育，从事需要智力和技术技能的专业或管理工作。”可知50年以前雇员主要是工厂工人和农场工人，因此D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“80%的美国工人受雇于工厂。”，文中无法体现，属于无中生有；
B选项“20%的知识分子是雇员。”，定位至文章第一段的第二句和第三句，定位至文章第一段的第二句和第三句，该处讲到“大约一百年前，每五个在工作的美国人中只有一个被雇佣，即为别人工作。如今，五分之一的人没有工作，而是为自己工作。”此处提到第二代墨西哥裔美国人受教育水平提高，消除了70%的父母教育落后于第三代非拉美裔白人的情况，并不表示70%的受教育年限少于九年，可知文章中并没有说到50年前20%的知识分子是雇员，属于无中生有；
C选项“知识分子占总劳动力的比例几乎与工业工人的比例相同”，文中无法体现，属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
According to the passage, with the development of modern industry, ________. 根据文章，随着现代工业的发展，________。
A. factory laborers will overtake intellectual employees in number A. 工厂工人的数量将超过知识型员工
B. there are as many middle-class employees as factory laborers B. 中产阶级雇员和工厂工人一样多
C. employers have attached great importance to factory laborers C. 雇主非常重视工厂工人
D. the proportion of factory laborers in the total employee population has decreased D. 工厂工人在总雇员人口中的比例有所下降
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位到原文第一段最后一句，讲到“中产阶级和上层阶级雇员一直是我国劳动人口中增长最快的群体，增长如此之快，以至于尽管工业生产不断扩大，但工业工人在数量上的重要性一直在下降。”结合句意可知知识分子雇员的数量增多，而工业工人的数量减少，因此D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“工厂工人的数量将超过知识型员工。”，文中说到工厂工人的数量在减少，知识分子雇员的数量在增加，数量上的趋势应是知识分子雇员超过工厂工人，属于反向干扰；
B选项“中产阶级雇员和工厂工人一样多。”，文中无法体现，属于无中生有；
C选项“雇主非常重视工厂工人。”，文中无法体现，属于无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is ________. 根据作者的观点，专业知识或技能是________。
A. less important than awareness of being a good employee A. 不如意识到自己是一名好员工那么重要
B. as important as the ability to deal with public relations B. 与处理公共关系的能力同等重要
C. more important than employer-employee relations C. 比劳资关系更重要
D. as important as the ability to co-operate with others in the organization D. 与组织中其他人合作的能力同样重要
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位至原文第二段第六句“越来越多的人，尤其是在大型企业或政府中，员工关系对成功的重要性超过了特殊的专业知识或技能。”结合句意可知员工本身比特殊的专业知识和技能更加重要，因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“与处理公共关系的能力同等重要”，C选项“比劳资关系更重要”和D选项“与组织中其他人合作的能力同样重要”文中无法体现，属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
From the passage it can be seen that employee-ship helps one ________. 从文章中可以看出，员工身份可以帮助一个人________。
A. to be more successful in his career A. 在他的职业生涯中取得更大的成功
B. to solve technical problems B. 解决技术问题
C. to be more specialized in his field C. 在他的领域更加专业
D. to develop his professional skill D. 发展他的专业技能
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段第六句“越来越多的人，尤其是在大型企业或政府中，员工关系对成功的重要性超过了特殊的专业知识或技能。”可知员工关系在帮助人在职业生涯取得成功上发挥着巨大作用，因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“解决技术问题”，C选项“在他的领域更加专业”和D选项“发展他的专业技能”文中无法体现，属于无中生有。
【文章来源】《The Employee Society》Peter F. Drucker 1953
【参考译文】
我们的社会已经变成了一个由雇员组成的社会。大约一百年前，只有五分之一的美国人是雇员，也就是说，为别人工作。如今，只有五分之一的人没有工作，而是为自己工作。50年前，“被雇用”意味着在工厂当工人或做农活，而今天的雇员越来越多地是受过正规教育的中产阶级，从事需要智力和技术技能的专业或管理工作。事实上，在过去的50年里，有两件事决定了美国社会的特征：中产阶级和上层雇员是我们工作人口中增长最快的群体，数量上的重要性却在下降。
然而，你会发现，关于如何成为一名雇员，你几乎找不到任何文章。你可以找到很多关于如何获得一份工作或如何获得晋升的可疑建议。你也可以在选定的领域找到很多工作，无论是机械师、贸易还是记账。每一种行业都需要不同的技能，制定不同的标准，需要不同的准备工作。然而，他们都有共同的雇员身份。越来越多的人，尤其是在大企业或政府中，雇员身份比专业知识或技能对成功更重要。当然，更多的人失败是因为他们不知道作为一名雇员的要求，而不是因为他们没有充分掌握他们的行业技能；你爬得越高，越是从事行政或执行工作，就越强调在组织内工作的能力，而不是技术能力或专业知识。
