Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery .The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of light. As we all know, light is hot; my source of light - from the sun itself down to a humble match burning —will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.
Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the from of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no unwanted damage—a true surgical wonder. Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried. The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically.
1.Up until the 1960s the instruments used to perform surgical operations were（ ）.
2.After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that （ ）.
3.The laser beam is so strong because （ ）.
4.Surgeons can now carry out operations which（ ）.
问题1选项
A.fashionable
B.extraordinary
C.special
D.basic
问题2选项
A.medical help became available for industrial workers
B.the study of art went through a complete revolution
C.man’s whole approach to surgery changed completely
D.more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments
问题3选项
A.it is composed of a concentrated beam of light
B.its heat is increased by the heat of the sun
C.it can be plugged into an ordinary light
D.it sends out heat in many different directions
问题4选项
A.can be performed successfully only on the human eye
B.result in very little damage to the patients themselves
C.me made much more complicated by using the laser beam
D.result in long periods of recovery time for patients
第1题:
【选项释义】
Up until the 1960s the instruments used to perform surgical operations were _____. 直到20世纪60年代，用于外科手术的器械一直是_____。
A. fashionable A. 时髦的
B. extraordinary B. 非凡的
C. special C. 特殊的
D. basic D. 基本的
【考查点】判断推理题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词the 1960s可以确定答案所在区域为第一段。根据第一段前两句：Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms for many years（几千年前，人类使用方便的石头进行外科手术。后来他使用锋利的骨头或角，金属刀，最近使用橡胶和塑料。多年来，我们在外科手术器械方面一直停留在这一阶段），结合后文提到在20世纪60年代，发现了激光，由此可推断在20世纪60年代之前，用于外科手术的器械一直是基本的、初级的，所以正确答案为D选项。
【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均属于曲解原文。
第2题:
【选项释义】
After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that _____. 在20世纪60年代激光的发展之后，我们发现_____。
A. medical help became available for industrial workers A. 为产业工人提供了医疗帮助
B. the study of art went through a complete revolution B. 艺术研究经历了一场彻底的革命
C. man’s whole approach to surgery changed completely C. 人类的整个外科手术方法完全改变了
D. more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments D. 越来越多的外科医生开始使用手术器械
【考查点】判断推理题。
【解题思路】根据第二段关键信息：It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no unwanted damage—a true surgical wonder（现在，眼科医生可以在不伤害眼球前部的情况下对眼球后部进行手术，只需将激光束穿过眼球即可。没有刀，没有不必要的伤害——一个真正的外科奇迹），由此可知激光的发展改变了做眼部手术的方法，因此可推测正确答案为C选项。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“为产业工人提供了医疗帮助”，根据第一段关键信息：In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery（20世纪60年代，一种新的工具问世了，它首先在军队和工业中发挥了巨大的实际作用，但同时，它也及时地给外科手术的艺术和科学带来了革命性的变化），可知该选项属于曲解原文；
B选项“艺术研究经历了一场彻底的革命”，根据第一段内容可知是外科手术的艺术和科学有了革命性变化，该选项属于张冠李戴；
D选项“越来越多的外科医生开始使用手术器械”，根据第一段关键信息：The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints（这种工具就是激光，全世界越来越多的外科医生正在使用它来治疗大量不同的疾病），可知该选项张冠李戴。
第3题:
【选项释义】
The laser beam is so strong because _____. 激光束之所以如此强烈，是因为_____。
A. it is composed of a concentrated beam of light A. 它是由一束集中的光组成的
B. its heat is increased by the heat of the sun B. 它的热量因太阳的热量而增加
C. it can be plugged into an ordinary light C. 它可以插在普通的电灯上
D. it sends out heat in many different directions D. 它向许多不同的方向发出热量
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键词The laser beam is so strong可以确定答案所在区域为第二段。根据第二段关键信息：The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam（然而，激光束中的光是集中的。这意味着，一束光的功率并不比普通电灯泡产生的光强，但当它被集中成一束针尖大小的光束时，就会变得非常强），由此可知：激光光束强是因为它的光束没有分散，而是集中成针尖大小的光束，所以正确答案为A选项。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均属于曲解原文。
第4题:
【选项释义】
Surgeons can now carry out operations which _____. 外科医生现在可以进行_____的手术。
A. can be performed successfully only on the human eye A. 只能在人眼上成功进行
B. result in very little damage to the patients themselves B. 对病人本身造成的损害很小
C. are made much more complicated by using the laser beam C. 通过使用激光使手术变得更加复杂
D. result in long periods of recovery time for patients D. 病人需要很长的恢复时间
【考查点】判断推理题。
【解题思路】根据第二段关键信息：No knives, no unwanted damage—a true surgical wonder. Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable（没有刀，没有不必要的伤害——一个真正的外科奇迹。手术曾经让病人筋疲力尽，需要很长时间的恢复，现在让他们感到放松和舒适），由此可推断：有了激光技术后，医生对病人进行手术，造成的伤害较小，所以正确答案为B选项。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“只能在人眼上成功进行”，根据第二段关键信息：Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective（也许用激光治疗某些癌症的方法不仅使手术更安全，而且更有效），可知该选项属于曲解原文；
C选项“通过使用激光束使手术变得更加复杂”，原文没有提及使用激光后，手术会变得复杂，该选项属于无中生有；
D选项“病人需要很长的恢复时间”，根据第二段内容可知，曾经没有激光手术时，病人手术后需要很长的时间恢复，现在则不需要了，该选项属于张冠李戴。
