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By the end of this century, the average world temperature is expected to increase between one and four degrees, with widespread effects on rainfall, sea levels and animal habitats. But in the Arctic, where the effects of climate change are most intense, the rise in temperature could be twice as much.
Understanding how Arctic warming will affect the people, animals, plant and marine life and economic activity in Canada’s North are important to the country’s future, says Kent Moore, an atmospheric physicist at University of Toronto Mississauga who is participating in a long-term, international study of the marine ecosystem along the Beaufort Sea, from Alaska to the Mackenzie delta.
The study will add to our knowledge of everything from the extent of sea ice in the region to how fish stocks will change to which areas could become targets for oil and gas exploration to the impact on the indigenous people who call this part of the country home.
Moore, who has worked in the Arctic for more than 20 years, says his research has already found that thinning sea ice and changes in wind patterns are causing an important change in the marine food chain: phytoplankton (浮游植物)is blooming two to three weeks earlier. Many animals time their annual migration to the Arctic for when food is plentiful, and have not adapted to the earlier bloom. “‘ Animals’ behavior can evolve over a long time, but these climate changes are happening in the space of a decade, rather than hundreds of years,” says Moore, “Animals can’t change their behavior that quickly.”
A warmer Arctic is expected to have important effects on human activity in the region, as the Northwest Passage becomes navigable during the summer, and resource extraction becomes more feasible. Information gained from the study will help government, industry and communities make decisions about resource management, economic development and environmental protection.
Moore says the study—which involves Canadian, American and European researchers and government agencies will also use a novel technology to gather atmospheric data: remotely piloted drones. “The drones have the capability of a large research aircraft, and they’re easier to deploy,” he says, showing the researchers to gather information on a more regular basis than they would be able to with piloted aircraft.

1. By the end of this century, according to the author, global warming will( ).
2. To help understand the destructive mechanism of Arctic warming, as indicated by the passage, the international study( ).
3. When he ways, “Animals can’t change their behavior that quickly,” what does Moore mean by that quickly?
4. According to the author, to carry out proper human activities in the Arctic( ).
5. With the drones deployed, as Moore predicts, the researchers will( ).


问题1选项
A.start to bring about extreme weather events to humans and animals
B.increase the average world temperature by four degrees
C.cause more damages to the whole world than expected
D.affect the Arctic more than any other parts of the earth
问题2选项
A.is conducted with every single discipline of University of Toronto
B.pioneers in pursuing the widespread effects of climate change
C.involves so many countries for different investigations
D.is intended to deal with various aspects in research
问题3选项
A.The migration of the animals to the Arctic.
B.The widespread effects of global warming.
C.The rate of the climate change in the Arctic.
D.The phytoplankton within the marine ecosystem.
问题4选项
A.becomes more difficult than ever before
B.is likely to build a novel economy in the region
C.will surely lower the average world temperature
D.needs the research-based supporting information
问题5选项
A.involve more collaborating countries than they do now
B.get more data to be required for their research
C.use more novel technologies in research
D.conduct their research at a regular basis
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