试题出自试卷《广东工业大学2012年考博英语真题》

【写作思路】
开头段：介绍全球水资源短缺的消极影响。
1. 限制经济发展。
2. 威胁人类生存。
主体段：分析导致全球水资源短缺的原因。
1. 人口增长。
2. 水资源污染严重。
结尾段：总结全文，提出解决水资源短缺的有效措施。
1. 实施全方位节水。
2. 开发污水处理新技术。

【参考范文】

Global water shortage has been a major concern over the last few decades, which has brought about many negative effects on society. Firstly, water shortage will limit economic development. Today’s agriculture and industry are extremely dependent on water resources, and water shortage will hinder agricultural development and lead to industrial shutdowns. Secondly, the deterioration of ecosystems and the destruction of biodiversity caused by water shortage will seriously threaten the survival of mankind.
Why are we facing such a severe water shortage? To begin with, the global population is now growing explosively, leading to an increase in human demand for water resources and thus exacerbating water shortage. In addition, many of the world’s rivers and lakes are polluted by sewage discharges. The indiscriminate discharge of domestic sewage and industrial effluent has seriously polluted water quality, adding to the already critical water supply situation.
In order to solve this problem constructively, we should take effective measures now. First, we should implement all-around water conservation in industry, agriculture, and domestic use to improve the utilization rate of water resources. What’s more, we need to develop new sewage treatment technologies to increase the reuse of water resources. To sum up, it is vital for us to recognize the seriousness of the problem and work actively to protect water resources so that we can create a better future for all mankind.

【重点词汇】
shutdown /ˈʃʌtdaʊn/ n. 停产 deterioration /dɪˌtɪəriəˈreɪʃn/ n. 恶化
sewage /ˈsuːɪdʒ/ n. 废料 indiscriminate /ˌɪndɪsˈkrɪmɪnət/ adj. 随意的
effluent /ˈefluənt/ n. 工业污水 utilization /ˌjuːtəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 利用

【精选句型】
1. Secondly, the deterioration of ecosystems and the destruction of biodiversity caused by water shortage will seriously threaten the survival of mankind.（水资源短缺的危害）
其次，水资源短缺导致的生态系统恶化和生物多样性的破坏将严重威胁人类的生存。
2. To begin with, the global population is now growing explosively, leading to an increase in human demand for water resources and thus exacerbating water shortage.（水资源短缺的原因）
首先，全球人口现在呈现爆炸式的增长，导致人类对水资源的需求增加，从而加剧了水资源短缺。
3. First, we should implement all-around water conservation in industry, agriculture, and domestic use to improve the utilization rate of water resources.（解决水资源短缺的措施）
第一，实施工业、农业、生活全方位节水，提高水资源利用率。

【全文翻译】

在过去的几十年里，全球水资源短缺一直是一个主要问题，这给社会带来了许多消极影响。首先，水资源短缺会限制经济发展。今天的农业和工业极度依赖水资源，水资源短缺将阻碍农业发展，导致工业停产。其次，水资源短缺导致的生态系统恶化和生物多样性的破坏将严重威胁人类的生存。因此，解决水资源短缺是一个紧迫的问题。
为什么我们面临如此严重的水资源短缺？首先，全球人口现在呈现爆炸式的增长，导致人类对水资源的需求增加，从而加剧了水资源短缺。此外，世界上许多江河湖泊都受到污水排放的污染。随意排放生活污水和工业污水严重污染了水质，加剧了本已严峻的供水形势。
为了建设性地解决这一问题，我们现在应该采取有效措施。第一，实施工业、农业、生活全方位节水，提高水资源利用率。此外，我们需要开发新的污水处理技术，以增加水资源的重复利用。总之，我们必须认识到问题的严重性，积极开展保护水资源的工作，这样我们才能为全人类创造一个更美好的未来。