Most of the fastening devices in clothing today, like the shoelace, the button, and the safety pin, have existed in some form in various cultures for thousands of years. But the zipper was the brainchild of one American inventor, namely Whitcomb Judson of Chicago. At the end of the 19lh century, Judson was already a successful inventor, with a dozen patents to his credit for mechanical items such as improvements to motors and railroad braking systems.
He then turned his mind to creating a replacement for the lengthy shoelaces which were then used in both men's and women's boots. On August 29th, 1893, he won another patent, for what he called the "clasp-locker". Though the prototype was somewhat clumsy, and frequently jammed, it did work: in fact. Judson and his business associate Lewis Walker had sewn the device into their own boots. Although Judson displayed his clasp-locker at the World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893, the public largely ignored it. The company founded by Judson and Walker, Universal Fastener, despite further refinements, never really succeeded in marketing the device.
The earliest zip fasteners were being used in the apparel industry by 1905, but it was only in 1913, after a Swedish-American engineer, Gideon Sundbach, had remodeled Judson’s fastener into a more streamlined and reliable form, that the zipper was a success. The US army applied zippers to the clothing and gear of the troops of World War I. By the late 1920s, zippers could be found in all kinds of clothing, footwear, and carrying cases; by the mid-1930s, zippers had even been embraced by the fashion industry.
The term "zipper" was coined as onomatopoeia (resembling the sound it makes) by B. F. Goodrich, whose company started marketing galoshes featuring the fastener in 1923. Regrettably, Whitcomb Judson died in 1909, and never heard the term, or saw the success by which his invention would become ubiquitous.
1. In which way does the zipper differ from the other three fastening devices mentioned in Paragraph 1?
2. What is the author’s main point in the second paragraph?
3. The word “refinements” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to（ ）.
4. According to the passage, zippers did not really become a success until（ ）.
5. According to the passage, the “zipper” got its name（ ）.
问题1选项
A.It has been used in much more ways.
B.It is more recent.
C.It can be used in place of the other three.
D.It is usually made from different materials.
问题2选项
A.despite being a successful inventor, Judson failed with the clasp-locker.
B.Judson lacked marketing skills.
C.Judson was a poor businessman.
D.Although Judson invented a workable product, it did not appeal to the public.
问题3选项
A.improvements
B.changes
C.promotion
D.additions
问题4选项
A.they were used in the apparel industry after 1905.
B.in 1913 after being remodeled
C.the Army used them in World War I
D.by the late 1920s
问题5选项
A.when used in clothing
B.in 1909
C.from Judson
D.because of its sound
第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:B
第5题:D
1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到大部分固定装置，比如鞋带、纽扣及安全针已经以某种形式存在上千年（Most of the fastening devices in clothing today, like the shoelace, the button, and the safety pin, have existed in some form in various cultures for thousands of years），而第三段提到拉链是在1913年才变得成功，即人们愿意使用（The earliest zip fasteners were being used in the apparel industry by 1905, but it was only in 1913, after a Swedish-American engineer, Gideon Sundbach, had remodeled Judson’s fastener into a more streamlined and reliable form, that the zipper was a success），由此可知拉链与其他固定装置相比，时间更近，因此选项B符合题意。
2.推理判断题。文章第二段提到尽管Judson在1893年的芝加哥世界博览会上展示过他的装置，但是公众却忽视了它（Although Judson displayed his clasp-locker at the World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893, the public largely ignored it）；第二段也提到了尽管发明的装置的原型比较笨拙，但是却是起作用的（Though the prototype was somewhat clumsy, and frequently jammed, it did work），由此可知选项D“尽管Judson发明了一个可用的产品，但是它对公众没有吸引力”符合题意。
3.词义题。题干中的单词出现在文章第二段最后一句话The company founded by Judson and Walker, Universal Fastener, despite further refinements, never really succeeded in marketing the device，这一段前面提到这个装置的原型比较笨拙且时常被卡住，因此公司肯定是会对其进行改良，因此推测further refinements的意思是“进一步改良”，选项A符合题意。
4.细节事实题。文章第三段第一句话提到1913年，一位瑞典籍的美国工程师改良了Judson发明的拉链，使其成为更流畅且可靠的形式后，变得成功（The earliest zip fasteners were being used in the apparel industry by 1905, but it was only in 1913, after a Swedish-American engineer, Gideon Sundbach, had remodeled Judson’s fastener into a more streamlined and reliable form, that the zipper was a success），因此选项B符合题意。
5.细节事实题。文章最后一段提到拉链这个术语被B. F. Goodrich创造成拟声词（The term "zipper" was coined as onomatopoeia (resembling the sound it makes) by B. F. Goodrich, whose company started marketing galoshes featuring the fastener in 1923），选项D符合题意。
