Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery.
The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser means: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. As we all know, light is hot; any source of light—from the sun itself down to a humble match burning—will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.
Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no stitches (刀 口会逢合),no unwanted damage—a true surgical wonder. Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried.
The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically.
1.Up until the 1960s the instruments that used to perform surgical operations were( ).
2. After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that( ).
3. The laser beam is so strong because( ).
4. Surgeons can now carry out operations which( ).
5. The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that( ).
问题1选项
A.fashionable
B.extraordinary
C.special
D.basic
问题2选项
A.medical help became available for industrial workers.
B.the study of art went through a complete revolution.
C.more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments.
D.man’s whole approach to surgery changed completely
问题3选项
A.it is composed of a concentrated beam of light
B.its heat is increased by the heat of the sun
C.it can be plugged into an ordinary light fitting
D.it sends out heat in many different directions
问题4选项
A.can be performed successfully only on the human eye
B.result in long periods of recovery time for patients
C.are made much more complicated by using the laser beam
D.result in very little damage to the patients themselves
问题5选项
A.in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancer
B.surgery is likely to improve considerably
C.we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer from
D.we are now able to treat most forms of cancer
第1题:D
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:D
第5题:B
1.细节事实题。第一段指出: Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years (后来,人类开始使用锋利的骨头或动物的角,金属材质的刀,而最近却使用橡胶和塑料工具,多年来人类在外科器械方面驻足于此),由此可知D项“基础的”正确。
2.判断推理题。A:医疗帮助变得可为产业工人所用,文章未提及。B:艺术的研究经历了彻底变革, 文章未提及。C: 来越多的外科医生开始使用外科器械, 由“The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints (这个工具是激光,而它正被全球越来越多的外科医生用在许多不同的疾病上)”可知C不符合原文所述。D:人类的整个外科手术方式彻底地发生了改变,第一段指出: In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry,but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery (20世纪60年代,一 种新的工具(即激光)被开发,它首先对军队和工业有重耍的实践作用,不过后来也对外科手术的各个方面带来了革命化的影响),因此D符合原文所述。本题选D。
3.细节事实题。第二段指出: The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam (然而,一束激光中的光是被聚集了。这意味着在被聚集成一个针尖大小的光朿后,具有不及一个普通的电灯所产生的能量的光就会变得极强),因此A“它由被聚集的光朿构成”正确。
4.细节事实题。A: 只 能在人眼上被成功地进行, 由第二段中 “The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints (这个工具是激光,而它正被全球越来越多的外科医生用在许多不同的疾病上)”可知A不符合原文所述。B: 导致病人需耍长吋间的恢复,C:因使用激光束而被变得更复杂,D: 对病人本身带来非常小的伤害,第三段指出: Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried (曾经让病人筋疲力尽且需要长时间恢复的手术,现在让病人感觉放松且舒适。因此更加困难的手术现在都能被尝试),由此可知B项与C项不符合原文所述,D正确。
5.判断推理题。最后一段说到: Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective(或许,一些癌症将因激光以一种 让手术不仅更安全且更有效的方式而得到治疗),由此可知B项 “外科手术可能会大幅地改善”正确。