Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we “fit” in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.
The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses, and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.
A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose, style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese famer or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocket book. Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too, come ready made, and the range of choice, among them is limited.
1.In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us( ).
2.According to the writer, people often assume different statuses( ).
3.The word "appraisal" in paragraph 2 most probably means( ).
4.In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to( ) .
5.By saying that “an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese farmer or that of a Hindu prince” (Para. 3), the writer means( ).
问题1选项
A.make friends with other people
B.determine whether a person is fit for a certain job
C.protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations
D.behave appropriately in relation to other people
问题2选项
A.in order to better identify others
B.as their mental processes change
C.as the situation change
D.in order to identify themselves with others
问题3选项
A.involvement
B.assessment
C.appreciation
D.presentation
问题4选项
A.constant mental process
B.selecting one’s own status
C.curiosity of other people's statuses
D.fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately
问题5选项
A.different people have different styles of clothes
B.ready-made clothes may need alterations
C.our choice of statuses is limited
D.statuses come ready made just like clothes
第1题:D
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:D
第5题:C
第1题:
【选项释义】
In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us ____. 在第一段中,作者告诉我们身份地位可以帮助我们____。
A. make friends with other people A. 与他人交朋友
B. determine whether a person is fit for a certain job B. 确定一个人是否适合某个工作
C. protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations C. 在不熟悉的情况下保护自己
D. behave appropriately in relation to other people D. 在与他人的关系中表现得体
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】第一段第一句讲“地位是人类不可思议的发明,它使我们能够彼此和睦相处,并决定我们在社会中‘适当的’位置。”也就是说,在与他人相处时举止得体,故选项D符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、C选项文中没有提及,属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
According to the writer, people often assume different statuses ____. 根据作者的说法,____,人们通常会假定不同的身份地位。
A. in order to better identify others A. 为了更好地识别他人
B. as their mental processes change B. 在心理过程发生变化的时候
C. as the situation change C. 当情况发生变化时
D. in order to identify themselves with others D. 为了认同自己与他人
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】第二段第一、二句讲“我们所假定的身份常常随着我们遇到的人而变化,并且在一生中不断变化。我们大多数人都能以非常快的速度假定各种情况所需要的状态。”也就是说,人们所假定的身份随着外部环境的改变而发生改变,故选项C符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A选项定位到第二段第三句“大部分的社会互动都是在适当的地位中进行识别和选择,并允许其他人在与我们的关系中假定他们的地位”,并不是说“人们通常会假定不同的身份地位是为了更好地识别他人”,属于曲解原文;
B选项定位到第二段第四句“这意味着,我们根据不断的心理……和解释过程,使自己的行为与他人的行为相适应”,也与本题无关,属于出处错位;
D选项文中没有提及,属于无中生有。
第3题:
【选项释义】
The word “appraisal” in paragraph 2 most probably means ____. 第二段中的“appraisal”一词很可能指____。
A. involvement A. 参与,加入
B. assessment B. 评定,估价
C. appreciation C. 欣赏,鉴别
D. presentation D. 陈述,说明
【考查点】语义推断题
【解题思路】第二段倒数第二句讲“这意味着,我们根据不断的心理……和解释过程,使自己的行为与他人的行为相适应”,这里涉及的是一个大脑思考过程,在做出解释(interpretation)之前需要的是评价或鉴定环节,故B选项符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A、C、D选项均无法从文中推断出来,属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to ____. 在第二段的最后一句中,代词“it”指的是____。
A. constant mental process A. 持续的心理过程
B. selecting one’s own status B. 选择自己的地位
C. curiosity of other people’s statuses C. 对他人身份的好奇
D. fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately D. 使我们的行为与他人的行为相适应
【考查点】语义推断题
【解题思路】根据第二段的最后一句话可知,这里的it指的是前半句提到的“the task”,而“the task”指代的是上文提到的“fit our actions to those of other people”,所以选项D符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、C选项均不符合以上分析,属于曲解原文。
第5题:
【选项释义】
By saying that “an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese farmer or that of a Hindu prince” (Para. 3), the writer means ____. 作者说“美国人不能自由选择中国农民的服装或印度王子的服装”(第三段),其意思是____。
A. different people have different styles of clothes A. 不同的人有不同的服装风格
B. ready-made clothes may need alterations B. 成衣可能需要修改
C. our choice of statuses is limited C. 我们对身份的选择是有限的
D. statuses come ready made just like clothes D. 地位就像衣服一样是现成的
【考查点】判断推理题
【解题思路】最后一段第二、三句讲“在一定的范围内(Within certain limits),买家可以选择款式和面料。但美国人不能自由选择中国农民的服装或印度王子的服装。”由此可推知,作者通过将身份比作衣服,说明身份像衣服一样,受到社会的限制,选择的范围有限,所以选项C正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B选项与文章写作对象不相符,本文重点论述的是身份地位(statuses),而不是衣服,属于曲解原文;
D选项定位到最后一段最后一句“身份地位也是现成的,选择的范围有限”,但与本题无关,属于出处错位。