Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the “look-say” or “whole-word” method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.
The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, “learning how to learn” activities recommended by advocates（倡导者）of “open” classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run-Spot-Run” readers.
However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate” in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted （控诉）the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said--and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed_that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics（语音学）,is far superior.
Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.
1.The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is（ ）.
2.The author indicts the look-say reading approach because（ ）.
3.One major difference between the look-say method of learning reading and the phonics method is（ ） .
4.The phrase “touch-off”（Para 3）most probably means（ ）.
5.According to the author, which of the following statements is true?
问题1选项
A.only logical and natural
B.the expected position
C.probably a mistake
D.merely effective instruction
问题2选项
A.it overlooks decoding
B.Rudolf Flesch agrees with it
C.he says it is boring
D.many schools continue to use this method
问题3选项
A.look-say is simpler
B.Phonics takes longer to learn
C.look-say is easier to teach
D.phonics gives readers access to far more words
问题4选项
A.talk about shortly
B.start or cause
C.compare with
D.oppose
问题5选项
A.Phonics approach regards whole-word method as unimportant.
B.The whole-word approach emphasizes decoding.
C.In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.
D.Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of most common words can be learned.
第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:C
第1题:
【选项释义】
The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is ____. 作者认为，依靠教育工作者正确地教授阅读是____。
A. only logical and natural A. 合乎逻辑和自然的
B. the expected position B. 我们期望的状况
C. probably a mistake C. 可能是个错误
D. merely effective instruction D. 仅仅是有效的指导
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据关键信息可定位到Para.1第二句“但是依赖教育者（relying on educators）来正确地完成这项任务可能是一个巨大的错误。（be a great mistake）”，其中relying on educators与counting on educators对应，由此可知C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“合乎逻辑和自然的”和B选项“我们期望的状况”原文没有提及，属于无中生有；
D选项“仅仅是有效的指导”可定位到Para.1最后一句“…the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively（这是未能有效指示的最明显的例子）”，属于反向干扰。
第2题:
【选项释义】
The author indicts the look-say reading approach because ____. 作者指责“看与说”的阅读方法，因为____。
A. it overlooks decoding A. 它忽略了解码
B. Rudolf Flesch agrees with it B. Rudolf Flesch赞同这个方法
C. he says it is boring C. 他说这很无聊
D. many schools continue to use this method D. 许多学校继续使用这种方法
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据the “look-say” method即“whole-word” method可定位到Para.2第一句“整字阅读法强调单词的意义而不是字母的意义，强调思考而不是解码（thinking over decoding）”，由此可知A选项“它忽略了解码”与之对应，故选项A正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“Rudolf Flesch赞同这个方法”可定位到Para.3第二句“在他的畅销书《为什么约翰尼不能阅读》中，Rudolf Flesch控诉美国的公立学校使用‘看与说’的方法对学生进行错误教育。”，由此可知Rudolf Flesch并不认同这个方法，属于反向干扰；
C选项“他说这很无聊”原文没有提及，属于无中生有；
D选项“许多学校继续使用这种方法”可定位到Para.1第二句，不是作者控诉的原因，属于出处错位。
第3题:
【选项释义】
One major difference between the look-say method of learning reading and the phonics method is ____. 看说法学习阅读和自然拼读法的一个主要区别是____。
A. look-say is simpler A. 看说法更简单
B. phonics takes longer to learn B. 自然拼读法需要更长的时间来学习
C. look-say is easier to teach C. 看说法更容易教
D. phonics gives readers access to far more words D. 自然拼读法可以让读者接触到更多的单词
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】由Para.4第二句“它提供了一套密码，通过这套密码，绝大多数英语中最常见的单词（the vast majority of the most common words）的发音都可以被学习，而不是建立一个记忆单词的相对有限的词汇（a relatively limited vocabulary）。”可知自然拼读法让学生学会发音的单词更多。故D项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“看说法更简单”、B选项“自然拼读法需要更长的时间来学习”和C选项“看说法更容易教”文中均没有提及，不符合题意，属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
The phrase “touch off” (Para.3) most probably means ____. 短语“touch off”（Para.3）的意思很可能是____。
A. talk about shortly A. 短暂地谈论
B. start or cause B. 开始或引起
C. compare with C. 与……相比较
D. oppose D. 与……竞争，反对
【考查点】词汇推断题。
【解题思路】根据题干关键信息可定位到Para.3第一句，句子的主干是Rudolf Flesch touched off the debate.其中touched off与debate（辩论）属于动宾关系，由此可推知，短语touch off的意思应该是“引发”，故选项B正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“短暂地谈论”、C选项“与……相比较”和D选项“与……竞争，反对”均不符合原文，属于曲解原文。
第5题:
【选项释义】
According to the author, which of the following statements is true? 根据作者的观点，下列哪个陈述是正确的？
A. Phonics approach regards whole-word method as unimportant. A. 自然拼读法认为全词法不重要。
B. The whole-word approach emphasizes decoding. B. 全词法强调解码。
C. In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding. C. 在自然拼读法中，使用解码是必要的，也是合乎逻辑的。
D. Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of most common words can be learned. D. 自然拼读法更好，因为它强调单词的意思，因此绝大多数最常见的单词都可以学会。
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】由Para.4最后一句“它只是认识到将解码用于阅读是合乎逻辑的、必要的第一步（decoding is the logical and necessary first step）。”可知，C选项“在自然拼读法中，使用解码是必要的，也是合乎逻辑的”符合原文，故C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“自然拼读法认为全词法不重要”可定位到Para.4最后一句“自然拼读法并不是贬低思考单词和句子意义的重要性（does not devalue the importance）”，其中“思考单词和句子意义的重要性”就是指“whole-word method”，属于反向干扰；
B选项“全词法强调解码”可定位到Para.2第一句“全词阅读方法强调单词的含义超过字母的含义；强调思考超过解码的能力（thinking over decoding）”，属于反向干扰；
D选项中“强调单词的意思”指的是全词法，不是自然拼读法，属于张冠李戴。
