Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.
One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesn't solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training pens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.
Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack(群)by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate(从属的)role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.
Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.
1.Behavior problems of dogs are believed to( ).
2.The primary purpose of obedience training is to( ).
3.Effective communication between a dog and its owner is( ).
4.Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?
5.When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner( ).
问题1选项
A.be just part of their nature
B.worsen in modern society
C.occur when they go wild
D.present a threat to the community
问题2选项
A.teach the dog to perform clever tricks
B.make the dog aware of its owner's authority
C.provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior
D.enable the dog to regain its normal behavior
问题3选项
A.essential to solving the dog's behavior problems
B.the foundation for dogs to perform tasks
C.a good way to teach the dog new tricks
D.an extreme measure in obedience training
问题4选项
A.To avoid being punished
B.To show their affection for their masters
C.To win leadership of the dog pack
D.To show their willingness to obey
问题5选项
A.can give the dog more rewards
B.will enjoy a better family life
C.can give the dog more freedom
D.will have more confidence in himself
第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:D
第5题:C
第1题:
【选项释义】
Behavior problems of dogs are believed to ________. 狗的行为问题被认为是________。
A. be just part of their nature A. 它们天性的一部分
B. worsen in modern society B. 在现代社会中更加严重
C. occur when they go wild C. 在它们变野时发生的
D. present a threat to the community D. 对社区的一种威胁
【答案】A
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】第一段第一句讲“狗是群居动物(social animals),如果没有适当的训练,它们会表现得像野生动物一样(behave like wild animals)。”由此可知,狗的行为问题是由其本性决定的。故A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
B选项“在现代社会中更加严重”、C选项“在它们变野时发生的”和D选项“对社区的一种威胁”在原文中均无法推断出来,属于无中生有。
第2题:
【选项释义】
The primary purpose of obedience training is to ________. 服从训练的主要目的是________。
A. teach the dog to perform clever tricks A. 教狗表演聪明的把戏
B. make the dog aware of its owner’s authority B. 让狗意识到主人的权威
C. provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior C. 为狗的野性行为提供发泄的途径
D. enable the dog to regain its normal behavior D. 使狗恢复其正常行为
【答案】C
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】由第一段最后一句“防止或治疗行为问题的关键是学会教狗把它的正常行为改成在家庭环境中可以接受的发泄。”和第二段第二句“服从训练并不能解决所有的行为问题,但它是解决任何问题的基础。”可知,服从训练的主要目的是为狗的野蛮行为提供发泄的途径。故C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“教狗表演聪明的把戏”不是训练的目的,只是狗向主人表明它接受服从的意愿,属于曲解原文;
B选项“让狗意识到主人的权威”定位到第三段第三句“没有必要通过极端的手段来确立自己的领导地位”,属于反向干扰;
D选项“使狗恢复其正常行为”定位到第一段第三句“几乎所有狗的行为问题都是狗的正常活动,这些活动只是发生在错误的时间、地点或指向错误的事情”,由此可知,狗的这些行为问题本质上都是正常行为,属于曲解原文。
第3题:
【选项释义】
Effective communication between a dog and its owner is ________. 狗和主人之间有效的交流方式________。
A. essential to solving the dog’s behavior problems A. 对解决狗的行为问题至关重要
B. the foundation for dogs to perform tasks B. 是狗完成任务的基础
C. a good way to teach the dog new tricks C. 是教会狗新把戏的好方法
D. an extreme measure in obedience training D. 是服从训练的一种极端方法
【答案】B
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】第二段最后一句讲“有效的沟通对指导你的狗做你想要它做的事情是必要的(necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do)。”,由此可知B选项“是狗完成任务的基础”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“对解决狗的行为问题至关重要”语气太过绝对,属于推理过度;
C选项“是教会狗新把戏的好方法”和D选项“是服从训练的一种极端方法”在文中均无法推断出来,属于无中生有。
第4题:
【选项释义】
Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters? 为什么宠物狗喜欢为它们的主人表演把戏?
A. To avoid being punished. A. 为了避免受罚。
B. To show their affection for their masters. B. 来表达对主人的爱。
C. To win leadership of the dog pack. C. 为了赢得狗群的领导权。
D. To show their willingness to obey. D. 以显示它们服从的意愿。
【答案】D
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】第三段最后一句讲“大多数狗都喜欢为你表演一些小把戏,以此来愉快地接受你是它们主人的事实。”由此可知,D选项“以显示它们服从的意愿”符合题意,故选项D正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“为了避免受罚”和B选项“来表达对主人的爱”原文无法体现,属于无中生有;
C选项“为了赢得狗群的领导权”定位到第三段第三句“没有必要通过极端的手段来确立自己的领导地位”,该句说的是狗主人而不是狗,属于张冠李戴。
第5题:
【选项释义】
When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner ________. 当一只狗接受了有效的服从训练后,它的主人________。
A. can give the dog more rewards A. 可以给狗更多的奖励
B. will enjoy a better family life B. 将享受更好的家庭生活
C. can give the dog more freedom C. 可以给狗更多的自由
D. will have more confidence in himself D. 会对自己更有信心
【答案】C
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】第四段最后一句讲“一条受过良好训练的狗(A well-trained dog)比未受过训练的动物更有信心(more confident),也能更安全地获得更多的自由(allowed a greater amount of freedom)。”由此可知,C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“可以给狗更多的奖励”定位到第四段第一句“训练应该是有趣的,而且对你和狗都有处”,由此可知,这里不是说给狗奖励,而是说训练会给狗主人和狗都带来好处,属于曲解原文;
B选项“狗主人将享受更好的家庭生活”定位到第四段第二句“训练可以丰富你们的关系,让你和狗生活得更愉快(make living together more enjoyable)”,属于曲解原文;
D选项“会对自己更有信心”是说狗主人自己会更有信心,而原文说的是狗会更有信心,属于张冠李戴。
【文章来源】2001年英语四级真题
【参考译文】
狗是社会性动物,如果没有适当的训练,它们的行为就会像野生动物一样。它们会弄脏你的房子,毁坏你的财物,狂吠,和别的狗打架,甚至咬你。几乎所有的行为问题都是狗狗完全正常的活动,只是发生在错误的时间或地点,或针对错误的东西。预防或治疗行为问题的关键是学会教狗把它的正常行为转向在家庭环境中可以接受的发泄途径。
你能为你的狗和你自己做的最好的事情之一就是对它进行服从性训练。服从训练并不能解决所有的行为问题,但它是解决几乎所有问题的基础。训练在你和你的狗之间建立了一条沟通的渠道。有效的沟通对于指导你的狗做你想让它做的事情是必要的。
训练也是建立社会等级秩序的一种简单方法。当你的狗狗听从“过来,坐下”这样简单的请求时,它表示对你的服从和尊重。没有必要用极端的手段来确立自己的领导地位。你可以教会你的狗服从你,让它扮演从属的角色。大多数狗喜欢表演一些把戏,以愉快地接受你是主人的事实。
训练对你和你的狗来说应该是有趣的和有回报的。它可以丰富你们的关系,使共同生活更加愉快。一只训练有素的狗比一只未经训练的动物更自信,可以更安全地获得更多的自由。