2019年广东专插本考试英语语法大全

情态动词

注意情态动词完成式的用法有两方面的含义：

1.表示已经发生的情况

(1)must have +过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“(昨天)一定……”。如：

My pain must have been apparent the momentI walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are youfeeling all right?”

(2)can’t/couldn’t have +过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“(昨天)一定没……”。 如：

Mary couldn’t have received my letter;otherwise she would have replied before now.

(3)may/might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许……”。如：At FloridaPower’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive watermay have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.

2.表示虚拟语气

(1)needn’t have+过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，译为“其实没必要……”。如：

As it turned out to be a small house party,we needn’t have dressed up so formally.

(2)should /should not have +过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，或本不应该做但实际上做了, 译为“本(不)应该……”。如：I regrethaving left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything aheadcarefully.

(3)ought to have+过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际上未发生，译为“该……”，与should的完成式含义类似。如：

The porter ought to have called thefire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke.

(4)could have+过去分词，表示过去本来可以做但却未做，译为“完全可以……”。如：

What you said is right, but you could havephrased it more tactfully.

(5)may/might have + 过去分词，表示过去可以做但实际未做，译为“(那样)也许会……”。如：

It might have been better to include morepunchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assistfirst-time office automation managers.

3.几个情态动词常考的句型

(1)may/might (just) as well“不妨，最好”，与had better相近。如：

Since the flight was cancelled, you mightas well go by train.

(2)cannot/can’t…too… “越……越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变体cannot…over…。如：

You cannot be too careful when you drive acar.

The final chapter covers organizationalchange and development. This subject cannot be overemphasized.

(3)usedn’t或didn’tuse to为used to (do)的否定式。

(4)should 除了“应该”一层意思外，大纲还规定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：

I didn’t expect that he should have behavedlike that.

虚拟语气

1.主从句谓语动词的时态

(1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配：

与现在事实相反

would/情态动词过去式+do

were (不分人称)/did

与过去事实相反

would/情态动词过去式+havedone

had done

与将来事实相反

would/情态动词过去式+do

should do / were to do

如：If the doctor had been available, thechild could not have died.

There is a real possibility that theseanimals could be frightened, should there be a sudden loud noise.

(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念：

主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如：

Had it not been for the timely investmentfrom the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.

(3)识别事实和假设混合句：

Your math instructor would have been happyto give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parentswere ill at the time. (句子前半部分为假设情况，而“父母病了”是事实)

I would have gone to visit him in thehospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole oflast week. (前半部分为假设，后半部分是事实)

2.名词性从句的虚拟形式

名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句的谓语动词需用(should+)动词原形表示虚拟。考生应熟悉：

(1)下列动词做谓语时，that宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形式：

desire, advise, recommend, command, direct,order, ask, demand, request, require, insist, maintain, move, propose, prefer,urge, vote。如：

In the past men generally preferred thattheir wives work in the home.

I move that he be discharged for hisserious mistake.

(2)下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时，that主语从句中动词用虚拟形式：

advisable, desirable, insistent,preferable, urgent, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, essential, imperative,important, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital, advised,arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended,requested, required, suggested。如：

The board deem it urgent that these filesshould be printed right away.

It is essential that all these figures bechecked twice.

(3)下列名词接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句中动词用虚拟形式：

insistence, preference, recommendation,suggestion, proposal, motion, desire, requirement, request, order, necessity,importance, regulation, rule, resolution, understanding。如：

John Wagner’s most enduring contribution tothe study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it be analyzed in areligious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.

They keep telling us it is of utmostimportance that our representative be sent to the conference on schedule.

3.含蓄虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式

含蓄虚拟语气是指假设条件不通过if从句表达，而是暗含在其他结构中。考生应熟悉：

(1)连词but, but that,or, or else;副词otherwise, unfortunately等表示转折假设。如：

A safety analysis would have identified thetarget as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.

Victor obviously doesn’t know what’shappened; otherwise he wouldn’t have made such a stupid remark.

(2)介词短语暗含假设条件，常用的有：without,but for, under more favorable conditions等。如：

But for the English examination I wouldhave gone to the concert last Sunday.

(3)intended/meant/hoped/wished/plann或was/were +不定式完成式或hadintended/meant/planned/hoped/wished

+不定式一般式暗示虚拟语气。如：Iintended to have called on you, but I was busy at that time.

(4)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气。如：Ishould have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t.

4.常用虚拟形式的句型

(1)从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式表示虚拟的句型：

would rather would as soon as thoughsuppose…

had rather would sooner as if supposing…

If only… It is (high) time that…(从句中动词只用过去式)

如：His wife would rather they didn’t talkabout the matter any more.

I’d rather you went by train, because Ican’t bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.

If I were in a movie, then it would beabout time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.

My father always talks as though he wereaddressing a public meeting.

(2)If it were not for… (与现在事实相反)

If it had not been for… (与过去事实相反) 相当于but for。如：

If it had not been for his help (= but forhis help), we would not have succeeded.

(3)If only…谓语动词视情况选用适当的形式。如：

If only the committee would approve theregulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.

(4)lest/for fear that/in case 从句谓语用(should+)动词原形。如：

The mad man was put in the soft-padded celllest he injure himself.

(5)whether…or…有时谓语用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法经常采用倒装结构。如：

Church as we use the word refers to all religiousinstitutions, be they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.

The business of each day, be it sellinggoods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.