2018年中国科学院考博英语真题

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Healthy guilt is a warning signal that either something dangerous is about to happen or something has already happened that need 21 A feeling of distress is good when it keeps us from 22 our own values. It serves a useful function. Here is a(n) 23 : If a fire broke out in someone’s home 24 faulty wiring, he would not be content with 25 putting out the fire. 26 , he would have the house rewired. When we feel guilty about something, we have to make the necessary changes in our character to prevent a 27 •

Unhealthy guilt is a distressful feeling which occurs without reason or persists even after appropriate steps have been taken to deal with a situation. A person with 28 self-esteem may react to feelings of guilt, one of two ways: 29 that he has done wrong in order to protect his fragile ego； or experience the feeling as a 30 that he is just an unworthy person. An example involves the case of Mr. L. He has a 31 with Mr. Y and exchanges angry words. Later that day, Mr. Y gets sick. Mr. L may feel that he was the 32 of Mr. Y’s misfortune. Mr. L feels unwarranted guilt for the misfortune and thinks that his angry feelings caused the misfortune. This is irrational thinking and is 33 of pathological guilt.

When people do research on a particular challenge and make a decision, the decision may 34 unfavorable consequences. Feeling distress and pain is normal. However, feeling guilty over the idea that you caused the consequences is unhealthy. As long as a decision is made with proper advice and with good intent, then the person remains morally right 35 having made the decision. There is no reason for guilt.

21. A. connection B. correction C. recovery D. repetition

22. A. underestimating B. displaying C. violating D. deteriorating

23. A. hypothesis B. definition C. experiment D. analogy

24. A. due to B. but for C. with D. under

25. A. devotedly B. primarily C. timely D. merely

26. A. Therefore B. Rather C. Anyway D. Consequently

27. A. distress B. renewal C. conflict D. recurrence

28. A. low B. exalted C. sincere D. much

29. A. Imply B. Admit C. Deny D. Argue

30. A. prescription B. communication C. confirmation D. perception

31. A. contact B. disagreement C. relationship D. concern

32. A. cause B. origin C. cure D. witness

33. A. record B. proof C. evidence D. description

34. A. attach to B. turn to C. lead to D. take to

35. A. at B. in C. as D. for

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